"Progressive Thoughts and Secular Culture" PPT on Ming and Qing culture interweaving old and new

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"Progressive Thoughts and Secular Culture" PPT on Ming and Qing culture interweaving old and new

Part One: Progressive Thoughts in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

1. Background:

① During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ruling class was extremely corrupt, and orthodox ethics were questioned (political background).

② Some advanced intellectuals represented the interests of the emerging citizen and business class and set off a progressive trend of thought that called for individual liberation, equality and democracy, with the nature of early enlightenment. (ideological background)

Economic background: The development of commodity economy and the slow development of the germination of capitalism (fundamental reason).

Li Zhi's criticism of the autocratic monarchy

Li Zhi (1527-1602), also known as Zhuowu, was a native of Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian. He was a unique thinker in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. He passed the imperial examination at the age of 26. Because he was not bound by officialdom and ethics, he served as an official for more than 20 years and served as a middle- and lower-level official in various places, experiencing ups and downs. After resigning in 1580, he concentrated on lecturing and writing books.

In the end, he was arrested and imprisoned on the charge of "confused the world and falsely accused the people." Unable to endure the persecution, he committed suicide at the age of 76.

Li Zhi's thoughts and ideas

(1) Deny the authority of Confucius and Mencius’ theories and the “Four Books and Five Classics”.

(2) Criticize feudal ethics and advocate the free development of individuality.

A widely influential trend of individual liberation thought

Du Liniang is the heroine in "The Peony Pavilion" written by Tang Xianzu in the late Ming Dynasty. She was born into a distinguished family, and she was severely disciplined by her parents and private school teachers since she was a child, even interfering with embroidering bright flowers and birds on her dress. Du Liniang felt as if she was living in an iron cage. One day, she dreamed that she was visiting the park with her beloved, and her suppressed humanity began to revive. Du Liniang decided to break through the shackles of family and pursue love and happiness.

Huang Zongxi, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties

Which point of view of Huang Zongxi does the material reflect?

(1) Monarchy is the source of many drawbacks.

(2) Oppose monarchy and restrict monarch power.

The concept of “emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business” has been challenged

Information 1: Customs in the Huizhou area: "Merchant is the first-class livelihood", and the imperial examination is second.

Information 2 Huang Zongxi, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, believed that “business and industry are both fundamental”.

Source 3 Wang Fuzhi, a thinker in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, said: "Those who make the people rich are the leaders of the country."

Let’s talk about how the traditional concept of “emphasis on agriculture and suppression of commerce” was challenged during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and analyze the reasons for the change in this concept.

challenged performance

Information 1: Doing business is the best way to make a living, and pursuing an official career is not as good as doing business;

Fact 2 Business is as important as agriculture.

Source 3 affirms the status of the merchant class in the entire country.

Reasons why the concept of “focusing on agriculture and suppressing business” has been challenged:

① With the development of commodity economy, the status of merchants and commerce is increasing day by day.

②After the late Ming Dynasty, the boundaries between the four peoples became increasingly blurred.

③The population grew rapidly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but the number of imperial examination places did not increase accordingly, and the chance of success in taking the imperial examination decreased.

④Changes in people’s ideas, especially the awakening of self-awareness among the business class

Progressive Thoughts and Secular Culture PPT, Part 2: The Development of Secular Culture

1. Changes in social consumption concepts

Information 1: When people in the world open their eyes and see, Qian is a hero in terms of heroes. With all his satisfaction, it would be difficult to move forward without him. The kidnapper is rich and walks crookedly; the mute is rich and makes beautiful gestures. Nowadays, people respect money. Even if Kuai Wentong has no money, he can't compete with Tongguan. To be honest, people travel around the world for copper coins. To be honest, if you ask for help from someone, follow the example before you do it. Ming Dynasty. Zhu Zai's "Sheep on the Hillside · Money is a Hero"

Information 2 Textbook P15 Information about Lu Ji and Gu Gongxi

2. Changes in secular literature

Classical novels become mainstream literature

Experience the four masterpieces:

Guess who they are?

There is a hero in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" who killed Hua Xiong with wine, rode alone for thousands of miles, scraped bones to cure poison, and was admired and revered as China's Martial Saint by future generations. Who was this hero?

Progressive Thoughts and Secular Culture PPT, Part 3: Class Summary

Progressive Thoughts

Li Zhi criticized traditional feudal concepts and pursued the free development of individuality

Huang Zongxi criticized imperial power

The concept of “emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business” is challenged

secular culture

Changes in social trends (worshiping money and pursuing profit, money first, luxury and enjoyment)

Classical novels have become the mainstream of literature ("Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West" and "Dream of Red Mansions" are known as the "Four Great Classics")

Appreciating drama has become the main form of entertainment (Peking Opera, Kunqu Opera)

The basic shape of traditional festivals

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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