"Workers' Struggle and the Birth of Marxism" The Wave of Industrial Civilization Sweeping the World PPT

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"Workers' Struggle and the Birth of Marxism" The Wave of Industrial Civilization Sweeping the World PPT

Part One: Review and Review

1. A sign of the beginning of the industrial revolution?

2. Which country was the first to complete the Industrial Revolution and become the first industrial country in the world?

3. Who was the inventor of the first steam engine with real practical value in the world? What era does the widespread application of steam engines mark the entry of mankind?

4. Who were the inventors of the first steam ship and steam locomotive in which country?

Workers’ Struggle and the Birth of Marxism PPT, Part 2: Workers’ Struggle

1. Background: Polarization after the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was like a double-edged sword. It brought great wealth to mankind and also caused unprecedented polarization in society. After the industrial revolution, Western society gradually formed two main classes - the bourgeoisie and the working class. Capitalists own all the means of production, while workers own nothing except their own labor power and are employed and exploited by capitalists. The bourgeoisie is getting richer, but the working class is being treated poorly.

Information 1 In 1785, the output of British cotton textiles was 40 million yards (1 yard = 0.914 meters), which increased to 2 billion yards in 1850, an increase of 49 times; the output of British pig iron increased from 1,700 tons in 1740 to 2.25 million tons in 1850 tons, an increase of more than 1300 times.

Information 2 In 1842, an 8-year-old British girl named Sarah Good gave the following testimony to Lord Ashley's Mines Committee: I am the watchman on duty at the vents of the mine at Gower Colliery. The work was not tiring, but I had to be on duty without light, and I was scared. I get up at 4 o'clock in the morning, sometimes at 3:30, and go out before 5:30... When I am in a good mood, I sing, but not in the dark; in the dark, I dare not sing. I don't like being in the mines. Sometimes when I go to work early in the morning, I'm very sleepy... I want to go to school, I don't want to be in a coal mine. (Stavrianos, "A General History of the World: The World After 1500")

2. Overview:

From the 1830s to the 1840s, several large-scale labor movements broke out in Europe.

(1) The workers’ uprising in Lyon, France clearly stated the slogan of overthrowing the regime of the rich.

(2) The British Chartist Movement received widespread support and was the world's first mass, political proletarian revolutionary movement.

Workers’ Struggle and the Birth of Marxism PPT, Part Three: Utopian Socialism

1. Generate background:

In the first half of the 19th century, some progressive thinkers made sharp criticisms in the face of the darkness and ugliness of capitalism.

2. Representative figures: Saint-Simon and Fourier of France and Owen of England.

3. Content: Design various ideal social blueprints.

4. Evaluation: ① They pin the realization of their ideal society on the support of individual rulers or enlightened wealthy people, which is impossible to achieve. Therefore, their doctrine is called "utopian socialism".

②Their ideas provide theoretical sources for scientific socialism.

Workers’ Struggle and the Birth of Marxism PPT, Part 4: Scientific Socialism

1.Conditions:

1. Why were Marx and Engels able to create scientific socialism?

Marx and Engels had great ambitions from childhood and cared about the suffering of workers. They absorbed the outstanding achievements of human thought, including utopian socialism, examined the situation of the working class in detail, and personally participated in the working class movement, so they were able to create scientific socialism.

2. Logo:

In 1848, the "Communist Manifesto" was published.

3. Contents of the Communist Manifesto:

It expresses the basic principles of Marxism, stipulates the nature and program of the party, points out that the ultimate goal of the party is to liberate the proletariat and all mankind, clarifies the path of the proletarian revolutionary struggle, calls on the working class to overthrow the rule of the bourgeoisie and build a social society. ism and communist society.

The biggest difference between it and utopian socialism is that it not only exposes the evils of capitalism, but also puts forward specific solutions and solutions - proletarian revolution and proletarian dictatorship, pointing out the correct path for realizing the ideals of socialism and communism.

4. Impact:

① Since then, the revolutionary struggle of the working class has been guided by scientific theories.

②Marxism gradually spread to all parts of the world.

③Working class political parties were established one after another.

The clarion call of socialism became the strongest voice in the industrial age.

Workers’ Struggle and the Birth of Marxism PPT, Part 5: Paris Commune

Background: Franco-Prussian War, defeat of France, government surrender, suppression of the people, popular uprising in Paris

Time: March 1871

Measures: Established workers' power - the Paris Commune. Establish workers' own army and administrative, judicial, and legislative bodies, and let workers manage factories themselves.

Result: Failure. "May Bleeding Week"

Significance: It is the first great attempt of the proletariat to establish its own political power. Its practice enriches Marxist theory.

Commemoration: Composing "The Internationale".

Words: Eugène Baudier. Music: Deegate.

The revolutionary measures of the Paris Commune

(1) In terms of political power construction: the old army and police were abolished, bourgeois courts and parliaments were abolished, and independent public security, legislative, and judicial institutions were established. It stipulates that public officials are elected by the people, and the people have the right to supervise and remove them.

(2) Social and economic aspects: Confiscate the factories of fugitive capitalists and hand them over to workers' cooperatives for management; supervise railway transportation and military production, and set the maximum salary for commune employees.

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Update Time: 2024-07-27

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