"Workers' Struggle and the Birth of Marxism" The wave of industrial civilization sweeping the world PPT courseware

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"Workers' Struggle and the Birth of Marxism" The wave of industrial civilization sweeping the world PPT courseware

Part One: Workers’ Struggle

“It was the worst of times, it was the best of times, it was a spring of despair, it was a spring of hope, we had nothing before us, we had everything before us.” —— Dickens

How does this passage from Dickens evaluate the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution was like a double-edged sword. It brought great wealth to people, but also caused unprecedented polarization in society - the working class and the bourgeoisie.

What is the reason for the huge difference between the working class and the bourgeoisie?

Capitalists are the owners of all means of production such as factories, mines, and land;

Workers are employed by capitalists and can only receive the minimum wage.

What methods did capitalists adopt to obtain more profits?

Extend the working hours of workers, hire women and children, and increase the intensity of labor.

The three major labor movements in Europe (1830s-1840s)

——Marking the arrival of the proletariat on the historical stage as an independent political force

①Two workers’ uprisings in Lyon, France

②British Chartist Movement

③1844 German Silesian Weavers’ Revolt

Initially, the struggle of the workers against the capitalists was spontaneous and often manifested itself in the destruction of machines and factories.

As the struggle unfolds, practice educates workers, making them gradually realize that the root cause of unemployment and poverty lies not in the role of machines, but in the exploitation and oppression of capitalists. As a result, the struggle gradually entered a new stage: economic struggle through strikes.

The strike struggle further raised the consciousness of the proletariat and made workers realize that they must start from changing their politically powerless status and launch a political struggle.

Workers’ Struggle and the Birth of Marxism PPT, Part 2: The Birth of Marxism (1848)

The conditions for the birth of Marxism

Economic Prerequisites: The Development of the Industrial Revolution

Class Basis: The Working Class Enters the Stage of History

Ideological basis: the rise of European socialist ideas

Exposes the evils of the capitalist system and envisions an ideal society without exploitation, but cannot point out the correct path to realize these ideals

Owen envisioned the establishment of a "new harmonious commune", and the commune he envisioned was an ideal society. The commune covers an area of ​​more than 1,200 hectares. The commune members live in collective buildings and work and farm. All kinds of public facilities are available in the commune, including conference rooms, reading rooms, schools, hospitals, and even temporary rest rooms; all commune members work together and share the fruits of their labor, and all commune members engage in various useful labor according to their age; Children between the ages of 5 and 7 are admitted to school unconditionally; all members perform their duties, do their best, and live in "harmony". At the beginning, the commune's production and life were arranged in an orderly manner. Later, differences in management opinions led to the disintegration of "New Harmony".

Workers' Struggle and the Birth of Marxism PPT, Part Three: Paris Commune (March 18-May 28, 1871)

1. How was the Paris Commune established?

France failed in the Franco-Prussian War, and the bourgeois government surrendered externally and prepared to suppress the people internally. On March 18, 1871, Paris workers revolted, occupied the entire city, and established their own political power, the Paris Commune.

2. Where can we prove that the Paris Commune was the proletariat’s first great attempt to establish political power?

They launched an uprising, drove away the bourgeois government, established their own army and administrative and judicial institutions for a time, and formulated many policies to protect the interests of workers.

3. Why did the Paris Commune ultimately fail?

The enemy is powerful - world capitalism is in a "rising period", and the general political environment does not allow the proletarian regime of the Paris Commune to exist.

There is a spy within - the proletariat itself is not yet fully mature. Although it can establish political power, it still lacks the experience to consolidate it.

Workers’ Struggle and the Birth of Marxism PPT, Part 4: Classroom Exercises

1. During the British Chartist Movement, which rights did workers demand so that they could have the opportunity to participate in the management of the country?

A. Universal suffrage b. human rights c. Right to freedom D. sovereignty

2. The first proletarian regime in world history was

A. Soviet Russia b. Soviet Union c. China D. Paris Commune

3. What enabled the international workers’ movement to begin to have scientific theoretical guidance was

A. The "People's Charter" was published B. The "Communist Manifesto" was published

C. The establishment of the Paris Commune D. The establishment of the Communist League

4. The first proletarian regime in world history was

A. Soviet Russia b. Soviet Union c. China D. Paris Commune

5. According to "Documentary" on page 107 - "Let the ruling class tremble in the face of the communist revolution. What the proletariat will lose in this revolution is only its chains. What they will gain is the whole world." Answer:

A. What document does this passage come from?

B. Which organization’s program is it?

C.Who is the author?

D. What is the significance of its publication?

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Update Time: 2024-11-09

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