"Russian Reform" PPT courseware for the wave of industrial civilization sweeping the world

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"Russian Reform" PPT courseware for the wave of industrial civilization sweeping the world

Part One: Peter I’s Reforms

Peter I, Peter the Great, Czar of Russia (1682-1725). He ascended the throne in 1682 and took real power in 1689. The Westernization policy he formulated was a major factor in turning Russia into a great power.

Peter the Great was the greatest emperor in Russian history. After he succeeded to the throne, he actively established factories, developed trade, and developed culture, education and scientific research. At the same time, he reformed the military, established a regular army and navy, and strengthened the centralized feudal autocratic system. Then he launched a war to seize the Baltic Sea outlet and lay a solid foundation for the Russian Empire. It can be said that the development history of modern Russia's politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology all originated from the era of Peter the Great.

Background: Serfdom prevailed in Russia, and its social and economic development lagged far behind Western European countries.

Serfs were a specific class in European feudal society, dependent on their feudal lords. Serfs used the serf owner's land (called allotments). Serfs only had the right to use it, which could be passed down from generation to generation. The feudal lord could confiscate the serfs' land. Serfs had their own production tools and were free to marry. Serfs had to pay poll tax, marriage tax, and property inheritance tax to their feudal lords. Serfs also had to perform labor services and pay a certain amount of money in kind as land rent to their feudal lords. Feudal lords could not kill serfs at will, but they could buy, sell or donate them. Simply put, a serf was a person whose personal rights were restricted.

The difference between serfs, farmers and slaves

Serf: An agricultural producer in feudal society who is dependent on the landlord in terms of land, person, and law. Economically exploited, without personal freedom or any political rights, they are at the bottom of society.

Peasants: They rent land from landlords and have their own private land, so they have relatively greater personal freedom.

Slave: A person who works for the slave owner and does not have his own land or personal freedom. He is often bought, sold or killed at the will of the slave owner.

Russian Reform PPT, Part 2: Reforms of 1861

Alexander II is an emperor as famous as Peter the Great and Catherine II in Russian history.

During his tenure, he made historic contributions to Russia's social development. In 1861, serfdom was abolished by edict, laying the foundation for Russia's resurgence in the second half of the 19th century. He also presided over a number of political reforms and formulated a reform plan to transform the Russian monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. However, his assassination interrupted Russia's political reform process. Since then, the Russian Empire has basically lost its historical opportunity for political reform.

Exploration: Analyze based on the following materials: What was the purpose of Alexander II's reforms?

Material 1: The current serfdom system cannot remain unchanged. Instead of waiting for the serfs to rise up from the bottom up to liberate themselves, it is better to abolish the serfdom system and liberate the serfs from above.

——Alexander II, March 1856

Material 2: Continuing delay will only cause greater disaster and will have harmful and disastrous consequences for the entire country, especially the landowners. Therefore, the reform plan should be adopted as soon as possible.

——Alexander II, February 1857

Purpose: to resolve the governance crisis, enhance national strength, and restore the prestige of a great power.

Reform of 1861

main content:

Peasants were legally free men;

Landowners were not allowed to buy or sell peasants or interfere with their lives;

Peasants paid a certain amount of ransom and could get a piece of land and homestead land.

effect:

1. The abolition of serfdom promoted the development of Russian capitalism and accelerated the historical process of Russian industrialization.

2. Russia began to enter a new stage of historical development (capitalist society) from the era of serfdom.

3. However, this reform was very incomplete and retained a large number of remnants of feudal serfdom.

Russian Reform PPT, Part 3: Insights

Reform is the way to a strong country.

Reform is the driving force for social development.

Timely reforms promote social development.

Reform must conform to historical trends.

Reform must safeguard the interests of the people.

We must persist in reform, support and support reform.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "The Wave of Industrial Civilization Sweeping the World and Russian Reforms", please click the "The Wave of Industrial Civilization Sweeping the World ppt Russian Reforms" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-06-29

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