"A Hundred Schools of Thought Contention" Early Civilization PPT with Diversified Development

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"A Hundred Schools of Thought Contention" Early Civilization PPT with Diversified Development

Part One: Concept Presentation

A hundred schools of thought contend

"Hundred schools of thought" refers to the many schools, mainly Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, military strategists, etc.;

"Contending" refers to various schools of thought writing books and recruiting disciples, vying to express their opinions.

"A hundred schools of thought contend" refers to the phenomenon of mutual criticism, criticism and absorption and integration between different academic schools during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.

The background to the situation of contention among a hundred schools of thought

Performance: various schools of thought and their ideological propositions

The influence of a hundred schools of thought contending

A hundred schools of thought contend PPT, part 2: Why can we “compete”?

1. The background of the emergence of contention among a hundred schools of thought

(1) During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the cultural education that was originally monopolized by the nobility gradually expanded, forming a class of knowledgeable scribes, providing talents for the contention of a hundred schools of thought.

(2) Social turmoil and changes have brought about the emancipation of people’s minds.

(3) During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people in the world lobbied and gave lectures in order to realize their ideals of governing the country. They put forward different opinions on social issues, forming a situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending".

2. Main representative schools of thought

Confucianism

Confucius - a native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Confucianism

(1) The main thoughts of Confucius

①The core is "benevolence",

One is to love people, requiring rulers to care for and love the people;

The second is to "deny oneself and restore etiquette", strengthen personal cultivation, and make one's words and deeds conform to social norms;

② Advocates educating the people with "morality" and governing the country with "propriety"

——The teachings of Confucius later became the orthodox thought of ancient Chinese society

Confucius was not only a great thinker, but also a great educator.

He was revered by the ancient Chinese as the "Holy Teacher" and "Teacher to All Ages".

(2) Confucius’ educational ideological achievements

①Open private schools widely, "education without distinction";

②Leaves behind many excellent teaching ideas and methods, such as “teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”, heuristic teaching, etc.

Taoist school

Laozi - founder of the Spring and Autumn Taoist school

Representative work: "Laozi" also known as "Tao Te Ching"

The main idea:

(1) Believe that everything has its opposite and can be transformed into each other;

(dialectical thinking)

For example: "Misfortune is where blessings depend; blessings are where misfortune lies"; a blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise.

(2) Advocate "inaction", follow nature, and oppose intrusion on the people

Zhuangzi - Representative of Taoism and the Warring States Period

Mohist school

Mozi - founder of the Warring States Period

The main idea:

(1) "Universal love", loving all people, treating others as oneself, helping and loving each other;

(2) "Non-offensive", opposing predatory wars

Legalist school

Han Feizi - the master of Legalism at the end of the Warring States Period

The main idea:

(1) Put forward the "rule of law" and advocate the use of strict laws to rule people

(2) Advocate for strengthening centralization and monarchy power

3. The influence of a hundred schools of thought contending

(1) In the contention of a hundred schools of thought, each faction not only elaborates on its own ideas, but also debates and criticizes each other, absorbs reasonable elements from each other, and effectively promotes the development of thought, culture and society.

(2) The various ideological theories they put forward in many fields have become an important source of the development of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

A hundred schools of thought contend PPT, the third part: problem exploration

Question 1: If you wanted to learn knowledge from a teacher, whose disciple would you join? Why?

Question 2: Which school of thought did the princes at that time choose? Why?

During the Warring States Period, various countries made reforms to strengthen themselves, attacked the old aristocrats, and strengthened the autocratic power of the monarch; at the same time, in order to cope with the war, the rulers levied heavy taxes and military service on the people, and class conflicts intensified. Legalists advocated harsh punishments and the idea of ​​centralized power was adapted to the needs of the social situation at that time, so it was naturally favored, while the ideas of Laozi and Mencius were ignored.

A Hundred Schools of Thought Contention PPT, Part 4: Practice

1. Which of the following ancient thinkers’ thoughts best embodies naive dialectics?

A. Confucius B. Laozi C. Mozi D. Mencius

2. Which of the following does not include Confucius' activities?

A. Established a private school B. Proposed the study of “benevolence” C. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude D. Believing that "the people are more valuable than the king"

3. Confucius once lamented that "tyranny is fiercer than a tiger!" This shows that Confucius advocated

A. Maintain the monarch’s dominance

B. Let people’s words and deeds conform to social norms

C. The monarch should understand the sentiments of the people, care for the people, and implement benevolent government

D. Be careful when speaking

4. Who proposed the idea of ​​"the people are valued" and "the king is valued"

A. Confucius B. Laozi

C. Mencius D. Han Feizi

5. What has become the orthodox thought of China’s feudal culture for more than two thousand years is

A. Taoism B. Confucianism

C. Mohist thought D. Legalist thought

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Update Time: 2024-07-30

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