"Comparing the Similarities and Differences between Early Regional Civilizations" Diverse Development of Early Civilizations PPT

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"Comparing the Similarities and Differences between Early Regional Civilizations" Diverse Development of Early Civilizations PPT

Part One: Exploration

What common geographical and environmental features did these early civilization regions have in common?

geographical location

Northern Hemisphere

north temperate zone

mid latitudes

environmental characteristics

big river basin ocean

River civilization

Ancient Egypt - Nile River Basin

Ancient West Asia - Mesopotamia

Ancient India—Ganges, Indus River

China - Yellow River and Yangtze River basins

marine civilization

Ancient Greece - Eastern Mediterranean and Western Aegean

Ancient Rome - Mediterranean

Comparing the similarities and differences between early regional civilizations PPT, part two: environmental characteristics

(The impact of geographical environment on human civilization)

(1) Located in the temperate zone, the climate conditions were suitable for early human survival.

(2) It is close to a large river basin and has sufficient water sources.

(3) Except for the Cretan civilization located on the island, several other civilization areas are located in river valleys or river alluvial plains. The terrain is flat and the land is fertile, which is conducive to the growth of crops.

(4) Crete has a superior natural environment, and agriculture is mainly based on the cultivation of grains, olives, and grapes. It also makes full use of its maritime advantages to develop foreign trade and promote regional prosperity.

Early humans were highly dependent on the natural environment

Comparing the similarities and differences between early regional civilizations PPT, part three: exploring the reasons for the prosperity of civilizations

Point one, correct. The ancient Greeks took advantage of the rich local products and convenient navigation conditions to export olive oil, wine, cloth and other products overseas, and imported large amounts of grain and materials. Commodity trade and urban economy prospered.

Point two, correct. Greek democracy was based on the slave system, and the majority of slaves made a great contribution to the prosperity of Greece.

Point three is incorrect. Slaves, women and foreigners, who accounted for the majority of the population in ancient Greece, did not have any political rights, and only a few people could truly enjoy this kind of democracy.

Point 4 is correct. The city-state democracy of ancient Greece promoted commodity trade and exchange to a certain extent and provided institutional guarantees for the prosperity of the commercial economy.

Points 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

View 1 is incorrect. The first point of view is the determinism of geographical environment. Qin's geographical environment is not superior, but it can be unified in the end. Social turbulence and change promote the awakening of rationality and humanistic spirit.

Comparing the similarities and differences between early regional civilizations PPT, the fourth part: the reasons for "a hundred schools of thought contending" (background)

Political factors: It was a period of great social change at that time, with social unrest and disputes among the vassal states. In order to gain dominance in the struggle, the kings of various vassal states competed to recruit talents and used different ideas and doctrines to make their countries rich and powerful. This creates a relaxed academic atmosphere for a hundred schools of thought to contend.

Economic factors: The economy developed greatly at that time, which enabled some people to become the leisure class and have time to engage in their own academic activities.

Technological factors: Great progress has been made in science and technology, such as astronomy, mathematics, optics, acoustics, mechanics, medicine, etc., which all reached a high level at that time. These scientific and technological achievements mark the improvement of people's understanding level and enrich people's spiritual world and material life.

Cultural factors: At that time, "the emperor lost his official position and learned in the barbarians". The result was to break the situation of "learning in the government", which caused the cultural and academic monopoly of the aristocrats to spread to the lower classes of society and move down to the people (this historical phenomenon was (called "cultural downward movement"), resulting in "the flourishing of private schools".

Academic freedom factors: Each academic group is relatively independent from political power. Although they started from the interests of different social groups and wrote books one after another, discussed current affairs, expounded philosophies, and each had their own opinions, they were not political vassals or attached to a certain political power group. I will go".

Comparing the similarities and differences between early regional civilizations PPT, Part 5: Discussion

Discussion 1

What are the advantages of the geographical location of these two civilized areas?

Ancient Greece and China were both located in the north temperate zone of the earth's five zones, with suitable climates.

Discussion 2

What impact did the geographical environment (topography, rivers, etc.) of these two civilizational areas have on their development?

The Balkan Peninsula, where the core area of ​​ancient Greek civilization is located, has extensive hills, a small area, short rivers, and limited agricultural production potential. Economically, it mainly relies on the development of overseas trade through many excellent ports on the Mediterranean Sea, and its commerce is developed.

The core area of ​​ancient Chinese civilization is the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The loess in this area is loose and has high mineral content. The Yellow River and its tributaries have convenient irrigation conditions and developed agriculture.

Discussion three

In terms of national systems, what are the differences between ancient Greece and China?

Greece's mountainous terrain has resulted in scattered cultivated land and dispersed population. Blood ties have gradually been broken up. With developed commerce and open-mindedness, it is easier to form a democratic atmosphere. The Athenian democratic system was established in the 6th century BC. The main management institutions of the society include the Citizens' Assembly, the Council of 500 people and the jury court.

Ancient Greece practiced a city-state democracy, and each city-state was relatively independent.

The biggest feature of China is that the agricultural economy is highly developed, farmers live in stable areas, and the connections between regions are very close, making it easy to implement centralized rule. The enfeoffment system was an important measure for the Western Zhou Dynasty to consolidate its rule. The principles and objects of enfeoffment were based on the blood relationship with the Zhou king and the merits of the enfeoffment.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China were mainly based on the feudal system.

Comparing the similarities and differences between early regional civilizations PPT, Part 6: Identifying the similarities and differences of civilizations

Ancient Egypt

1. Born in the great river basin. (100 points)

2. Accumulated rich knowledge of astronomy and mathematics. (80 points)

3. Text originally originated from pictures (60 points)

4． Human dissection technology is superb, but it is to enable people to enter the next life. (40 marks)

5. The river floods regularly, which is beneficial to agricultural production. (20 points)

6. Civilization nurtured by the Nile River. (10 points)

China

1. Prosperity in literature, art, thought and scholarship (100 points).

2. Large-scale ancient projects were left behind, and they still serve their original functions today. (80 points)

3. The smelting and casting industry is developed, the technology level is high, and the products are used in various fields. (60 points)

4． Implement a hierarchical political system. (40 marks)

5. "Dragon bones" were discovered and were initially ground into powder and used as medicine. (20 points)

6. Originates from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. (10 points)

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

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