"Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe" Diverse Development of Early Civilization PPT

Description

"Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe" Diverse Development of Early Civilization PPT

Part I: The establishment of the feudal system in Western Europe

1. From the Frankish Kingdom to the Development and Split of Charlemagne's Empire

Talk about it

Observe the picture above and answer the following questions:

(1) Based on the illustration, what changes occurred from the Frankish Kingdom to the Charlemagne Empire?

(2) Combining the map and the text, talk about when and what parts Charlemagne’s empire split into? What countries did they develop into today?

(3) In the picture above, can you find the current location of Britain?

Charlie expansion

During the reign of Charles (768-814), more than 50 wars were fought. The territory of the Frankish Kingdom expanded rapidly, and most of Western Europe was conquered.

The area occupied by the kingdom was equivalent to the European part of the Western Roman Empire. By 814, it had formed a huge empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west, to the Danube River in the east, to central Italy in the south, and to the Baltic Sea in the north. It was known as Charlemagne's Empire in history.

The birth of an empire

In 800, in Rome, the Pope held a coronation ceremony for Charles, marking the birth of Charlemagne's empire, and Charles became the first emperor of the empire.

The formation of the Kingdom of England

In the 5th century AD, a group of Germanic people, the Anglo-Saxons, entered Britain. They are the ancestors of today's British people. They established some small kingdoms, and after a long period of melee, the unified Kingdom of England was formed in the early 9th century.

2. Western European feudal hierarchy

The formation of feudal system (serfdom) in Western Europe

Think about it:

(1) How did the identity of a farmer change into that of a serf?

(2) What is the relationship between serfs and feudal lords?

(3) What impact did this relationship have on Western European society?

1. Due to the expansion war, many free farmers went bankrupt and were forced to join feudal masters and become serfs;

2. Serfs and feudal lords had a personal dependence relationship;

3. With the development of feudal land ownership and the serfization of free farmers, the feudal system in Western Europe gradually took shape.

Feudal countries in Western Europe and Christian civilization PPT, part 2: Christianity prevails in Western Europe

1. The emergence of Christianity

1) Why did Christianity emerge in Palestine in the 1st century AD?

1) The Jewish people were dissatisfied with the brutal rule of the Roman Empire. After repeated failed resistance struggles, they turned their hope to religion, expecting God to send a savior to save them.

2) Are those who believe in God rich or poor?

At the beginning of Christianity, it was the spiritual sustenance and means of struggle for the lower class people. Later, more and more wealthy people joined the church and took leadership of the church.

2. Development of the church

Think about it:

(1) What impact will rich people have on Christianity when they join the church?

People from the upper class joined the church and took over the leadership of the church, causing the original spirit of resistance in Christianity to gradually disappear, and it increasingly became an ideological tool for the Roman Empire to maintain its rule.

(2) Why does the church actively move closer to the royal power?

Use the power of the king to expand your influence. It possesses a large amount of real estate through various means and often interferes and controls the affairs of various countries.

(3) What changes occurred in the power of the church later?

During the heyday of European feudal society, the church not only monopolized the ideological and cultural fields, but also had strong economic strength and considerable political power.

Feudal States in Western Europe and Christian Civilization PPT, Part Three: The Rule of the Christian Church in Western Europe

1. The Creation of the Papal States

Pepin offered soil

Pepin (714-768), King of the Franks (751-768), father of Charlemagne, founder of the Carolingian dynasty. He was originally the prime minister of the palace and usurped the throne in 751 with the support of the Pope. In order to repay the pope, Pepin donated a piece of territory in central Italy to the pope, which is known in history as the "Pepin Donation". From then on, the foundation of the Papal State was laid.

2. The power (position) of the church

Politically: The Pope is above the monarchs of all countries

Economically: Directly occupying a large amount of land

Ideologically: Dominate and fight against “heresy”

Education and culture: Monopoly on education and culture

Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe PPT, Part 4: Feudal Manor Economy in Western Europe

The concrete embodiment of feudal system in social life

Observe the textbook picture 2-3 "European Medieval Manor" and answer:

(1) What buildings are there in the manor? Who lives there?

(2) What are the characteristics of the layout of the manor?

It has complete production and living facilities; it is economically self-sufficient; it reflects strict class boundaries.

(3) Think about it, what impact does such a layout have on the lives of people in the manor?

The manor basically meets the needs of people's material and spiritual life. It can be said to be a small closed world. The manor has become almost a self-sufficient little world.

(4) In the European medieval countryside, who were the owners of the manors? Who is attached to the manor owner? How is their relationship?

Relationship: The master is the feudal lord, the laborer is the serf, and the serf is attached to the feudal lord and is exploited and oppressed by him

(5) Does the serf cultivating the landlord's land mean living a self-sufficient life? Compare the lives of serfs and lords, and talk about the social status of serfs.

The world of serf life centered on the manor. They worked hard all year round but still had no food and clothing. The low huts were damp and crowded, and many died prematurely due to hunger and malnutrition.

Serfs were the main producers in society, but they had the lowest life and were the most oppressed.

Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe PPT, Part 5: The Rise of Western European Cities

1. When did cities in Western Europe arise? What are the important cities?

Time of rise: 11th century

Reasons for the rise of cities: Increased productivity in Western Europe

In the early Middle Ages in Western Europe, due to wars and economic decline, most of the once prosperous Roman cities were in ruins. Around the 11th century, with the improvement of productivity, the handicraft industry gradually developed. Some serfs with specialized skills escaped from feudal manors and set up workshops near traffic arteries, ferries, monasteries, and castles, and became handicraft producers. Businessmen also gathered in these places. In order to prevent intrusion, they built fences or walls in the settlements. On this basis, new industrial and commercial cities gradually formed.

2. The emergence of guilds

Western European guild system: a trade group organization established by industry by Western European urban craftsmen, which originated from the 11th to 12th centuries.

What is the reason for the emergence of guilds?

In order to resist the oppression of feudal lords and protect the common interests of craftsmen.

3. The significance of the emergence of cities:

The conditions were prepared for the rise of capitalism.

Talk about it

Talk about why "city air makes people free"?

What are the differences between the lives of serfs on the manor and citizens of the city?

From a political perspective, serfs living in the countryside lacked personal freedom and were basically tied to the land and had a dependent relationship with the manor owners, while citizens in the city had relatively great freedom.

From an economic point of view, manor life in the countryside is basically a self-sufficient closed life, while commerce in the city is developed, trade is prosperous, and it is very open.

Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe PPT, Part Six: Summary of this Lesson

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered feudal society. During this period, Europe's politics, economy and culture underwent tremendous changes. Politically, the feudal land system and hierarchy in Europe gradually took shape; economically, the feudal large manor economy emerged, especially the prosperity of the urban economy from the 11th century, which had a profound impact on the subsequent historical development of Europe; culturally, Christian culture went from being banned to becoming the dominant ideology in Europe. The ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were almost completely abandoned. The power of the church was even higher than the feudal kingship, which had a great impact on the development of European society.

Keywords: Free download of PPT courseware for eighth-grade history and society from the People's Education Press, PPT download of feudal countries and Christian civilization in Western Europe, PPT download of the successive rise and fall of medieval Eurasian countries, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "The Successive Rise and Fall of Medieval Eurasian Countries, Western European Feudal Countries and Christian Civilization", please click the Successive Rise and Fall of Medieval Eurasian Countries ppt Western European Feudal Countries and Christian Civilization ppt tag.

File Info

Update Time: 2024-09-08

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Edition History and Society for Grade 8 industry PPT template

Preview