"The Reform and Disintegration of the Soviet Union" PPT courseware on the reform and evolution of socialist countries

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"The Reform and Disintegration of the Soviet Union" PPT courseware on the reform and evolution of socialist countries

Review the past and learn the new

1. What are the characteristics of the “Stalin model”?

Highly centralized political and economic system

2. What are the disadvantages of the “Stalin model”?

1. Khrushchev’s reforms

As Stalin's body gradually declined in his later years and his way of thinking became increasingly paranoid, his decisions had an increasingly negative impact on the Soviet Union. The rigid system of the "Stalin model" has become an obstacle to the Soviet Union's continued development. After Stalin's death, people's minds changed. After Khrushchev came to power, he began to carry out reforms.

"Secret Report": The report is bold and has serious consequences.

In 1956, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences"

In order to carry out reforms, Khrushchev completely denied Stalin and attributed the root of the personality cult solely to Stalin's personal qualities, without looking for the reasons from the political system. This approach caused ideological confusion and had a great negative impact on the Soviet Union and the international communist movement.

Read the text and answer the questions

1. Why did Khrushchev want to carry out reforms? What does he think are the root causes of the disadvantages?

2. In what aspects did Khrushchev carry out reforms?

3. What were the results of Khrushchev’s reforms?

4. How to evaluate?

2. Brezhnev (1906-1982) reforms

The focus of economic reform is heavy industry. The Soviet Union's overall national strength has improved, but it has not yet broken through the constraints of the Stalin model and has become increasingly rigid.

3. Gorbachev’s reforms

Reading summary: P61-62

What is the background, time and content of Gorbachev? How is the result?

1. Background: The Soviet Union’s economic development is facing stagnation.

2. Time: 1985 Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, carried out reforms.

3. Content: First carry out economic reforms, and then turn to political reforms, changing from a one-party system to a multi-party system, and decentralizing state power.

4. Result: The trend leading to the separation of the union republics from the Soviet Union intensified.

3. The disintegration of the Soviet Union

On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev gave a televised speech announcing his resignation as president. …The Soviet Union is disintegrating

Main reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union

1. The fundamental reason—the highly centralized political and economic system of the Soviet Union

2. Direct cause—Gorbachev’s reforms

3. External reasons – the West’s strategy of peaceful evolution and the influence of Western forces

4. Anti-Marxist ideological trends are rampant;

5. Social conflicts and ethnic conflicts have intensified sharply.

Historical enlightenment

The Soviet reform eventually ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, but China's reform achieved great success. What experiences and lessons did it leave us?

1. Socialist construction cannot violate objective laws, proceed from national conditions, and seek truth from facts.

2. Focus on economic construction and vigorously develop productivity

basic knowledge

1.After Gorbachev came to power in 1985, he first focused on ( )

A. Political field B. Economic field

C.Ideological field D.Foreign policy

2. On August 19, 1991, the "August 19th Incident" occurred in the Soviet Union that shocked the world. Which of the following descriptions of this event is correct ( )

A. It tried to get the Soviet Union out of crisis

B. The "August 19th Incident" marked the official disintegration of the Soviet Union

C. Gorbachev strengthened national leadership through coup

D. Without the "August 19th Incident", the Soviet Union would not have disintegrated

3. The incorrect option for commenting on Khrushchev’s reforms is ( )

A. Reforms impacted the Stalin model to a certain extent

B. The reforms did not fundamentally change the highly centralized political and economic system of the Soviet Union

C. In the 1960s, various contradictions brought about by reforms became increasingly prominent.

D. Reform transformed the Soviet Union from a one-party system to a multi-party system

4. Which of the following is an incorrect assessment of Gorbachev’s political reforms? ( )

A. Transform the Soviet Union from a one-party system to a multi-party system

B. Decentralize state power

C. The tendency of the union republics to break away from the Soviet Union is increasing

D. Failed to break through the constraints of Stalin’s model

Capability development

3. Reading material: "Dear compatriots! ... In view of the situation that has arisen since the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, I have decided to cease exercising the duties of President of the Soviet Union." ——— Gorbachev December 25, 1991

Please answer:

(1) What changes did Gorbachev’s speech indicate in the Soviet Union?

(2) What was the essence of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union?

(3) What impact did the drastic changes in the Soviet Union have on the international situation?

(1) The disintegration of the Soviet Union;

(2) Due to changes in the nature of society

(3) The disintegration of the Soviet Union marked the end of the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union for hegemony, the end of the bipolar world pattern, and the beginning of a multipolar world pattern.

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