"The Reform and Disintegration of the Soviet Union" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 2

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"The Reform and Disintegration of the Soviet Union" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 2

What are the serious drawbacks of the "Stalin model"?

First, give priority to the development of heavy industry, leaving agriculture and light industry in a backward state for a long time;

Second, under the planned economic system, one-sided emphasis on output value and output resulted in fewer product varieties and poor quality.

Third, the state has taken away too many things from farmers, which has seriously damaged the interests of farmers. Farmers have no enthusiasm for production, and agricultural output has stagnated for a long time.

Fourth, economic development is extensive, economic efficiency is low, and resources are consumed and wasted in large quantities.

1. Khrushchev’s reforms

On February 25, 1956, at the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev made an anti-Stalin secret report "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", exposing Stalin's atrocities in the Great Purge and turning the world on its head. The large-scale "de-Stalinization" movement ended the Stalin era and stopped large-scale political repression in the Soviet Union.

On February 25, 1956, at the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (a turning point in the development of Soviet history), Khrushchev made an anti-Stalin secret report "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", exposing Stalin's role in the Great Purge. The atrocities in the war launched a worldwide "de-Stalinization" movement, ending the Stalin era and ending large-scale political repression in the Soviet Union.

Khrushchev's reforms

Purpose: Overcome the highly centralized planned economic system of the Stalin era

Content: ① Ideological emancipation; ② Agricultural aspects; ③ Industrial aspects; ④ Political aspects.

Evaluation: The reform did not fundamentally change the backwardness of Soviet agriculture, nor did it overcome the shortcomings of the planned economic system.

What did Khrushchev's reforms do to Stalin? What were the consequences?

Method: Wrong to completely deny Stalin, and only attribute the root cause of the shortcomings to Stalin's personal qualities, without looking for the reasons from the economic and political system. Therefore, although he took some economic and political measures, they were only minor repairs within the framework of the original system.

Consequences: Instead of changing the highly centralized political and economic system, the reforms intensified various contradictions and Khrushchev was forced to step down.

Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union:

① Deviations in theoretical understanding;

②The Communist Party’s own reasons;

③Economic mistakes;

④Ethnic factors;

⑤ Factors for external expansion;

⑥The “peaceful evolution” of the West;

⑦ Gorbachev’s personal reasons.

Classroom training

1. What lessons should we learn from the reform and disintegration of the Soviet Union in our socialist construction?

Reform must have correct guiding ideology; while developing the national economy, people's living standards must be improved accordingly; the disadvantages of rigidity must be overcome from the institutional perspective, but subjectivism and impatience must be avoided. In particular, the reform of the political system must be carried out on a basis of adequate preparation. advance steadily under the premise to ensure domestic social stability and national unity.

2. Why did the reforms carried out by China and the Soviet Union lead to different results?

(1) In the reform, we insist on focusing on economic construction, vigorously develop productivity, continuously improve the people's material and cultural living standards, and win the support and support of the people.

(2) We adhere to the party's leadership and socialist direction in the reform, adhere to the unshakable guiding position of Marxism, and have a clear and firm guiding ideology.

(3) We attach great importance to domestic ethnic issues in the reform, correctly handle ethnic relations, and effectively perform national functions.

(4) During the reform, we have adopted correct countermeasures against certain ideas and values ​​advocated by the West, and have effectively maintained social stability and unity.

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Update Time: 2024-07-30

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