"The Reform and Disintegration of the Soviet Union" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 3

Description

"The Reform and Disintegration of the Soviet Union" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 3

Curriculum Standards

Understand the basic historical facts of Khrushchev's reforms, Gorbachev's reforms, the "August 19th Incident" and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and further analyze and explore the causes of the Soviet Union's disintegration.

knowledge and abilities

Analyze the success or failure of Khrushchev's reforms and the significant impact of Gorbachev's reforms on the development of the Soviet Union. Through the analysis of the process of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, we will learn to grasp the intrinsic connections between historical events, think about the multi-polar trend of the world political landscape, and learn to use comparative and comprehensive methods.

Emotional attitudes and values

Compare the experiences and lessons of socialist construction in the Soviet Union and China, further understand the significance of taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and initially hone the comprehensive ability of the subject.

Focus on the reforms of the Khrushchev period.

Difficulties The collapse of the Soviet Union.

1. Khrushchev’s reforms

Read the text and answer the questions

1. Why did Khrushchev want to carry out reforms?

The "Stalin Era" had serious shortcomings and reform was imperative.

2. What reforms did Khrushchev carry out in the economic field? What results have been achieved?

Content: Increase the purchase price of agricultural products, reduce agricultural taxes, increase state investment in agriculture, expand the operating autonomy of collective farms, etc.

Achievements: Mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for production and improving the agricultural situation in the Soviet Union.

3. Why did Khrushchev’s economic reforms not fundamentally change the backwardness of Soviet agriculture?

Reasons: The reform only repaired and adjusted the original economic system in specific ways, but did not fundamentally change the Stalin model; the reform lacked careful consideration and repeated trials; Khrushchev's personal character was arbitrary and eager for success.

4. What did Khrushchev’s reforms do to Stalin? What are the consequences?

Method: Wrong to completely deny Stalin, and only attribute the root cause of the shortcomings to Stalin's personal qualities, without looking for the reasons from the economic and political system. Therefore, although he took some economic and political measures, they were only minor repairs within the framework of the original system.

Consequences: Instead of changing the highly centralized political and economic system, the reforms intensified various contradictions and Khrushchev was forced to step down.

2. The disintegration of the Soviet Union

Gorbachev, former General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and President of the Soviet Union. Born in 1931 in a peasant family in Russia. Joined the Communist Party in 1952. Graduated from the Law Department of Moscow State University in 1955. He has done party work for many years. In 1980, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Main reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union

The highly centralized political and economic system of the Soviet Union—the fundamental reasons

Gorbachev's reforms - immediate causes

The peaceful evolution of the West - external causes

Comparison between Chinese reforms and Soviet reforms

Overview: Chinese Reform Soviet Reform

Time: 1979 to present 1985-1991

Leaders: Deng Xiaoping Gorbachev

Background: China has just experienced ten years of turmoil and economic recession. In order to solve these problems, it implemented reforms.

The Soviet Union was gradually at a disadvantage in the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union. In order to get out of the predicament, it implemented reforms

Policy: China's reform policy: Reform, including economic system reform, that is, transforming the highly centralized planned economic system into a socialist market economic system; political system reform, including developing democracy, strengthening the legal system, realizing the separation of government and enterprises, streamlining institutions, and improving democracy Supervise the system and maintain stability and unity. Opening mainly refers to opening to the outside world, but also includes opening to the outside world in a broad sense. Reform and opening up is one of the basic points of the basic line of the Communist Party of China in the primary stage of socialism, and it is the only way for our country to become prosperous and strong.

Reforms in the Soviet Union: 1. Reform socialist theory. 2. Reform the economic system. 3. Reform the political system, under the guidance of the ideas of openness, pluralism, and democratization, and abandon the socialist direction of reform. 4. Adjust foreign policy and implement "new thinking" on foreign relations.

Features: China has gradually improved socialism through reforms and continuously improved its comprehensive national strength on the premise of rapid economic development. Moreover, the reform was first tested in some coastal areas, which reduced the risks that may arise from comprehensive reform.

The Soviet Union carried out all-round reforms and seriously deviated from socialism. When the economic reform was in trouble, it shifted its focus to political reform, making the problems more and more difficult to solve.

Result: China's national strength has developed rapidly, it has made many achievements, and it has become one of the world's powerful countries. It is still developing today.

The Soviet Union collapsed and the Russian economy almost collapsed.

basic knowledge

1.After Gorbachev came to power in 1985, he first focused on ( )

A. Political field B. Economic field

C.Ideological field D.Foreign policy

2. On August 19, 1991, the "August 19th Incident" occurred in the Soviet Union that shocked the world. Which of the following descriptions of this event is correct ( )

A. It tried to get the Soviet Union out of crisis

B. The "August 19th Incident" marked the official disintegration of the Soviet Union

C. Gorbachev strengthened national leadership through coup

D. Without the "August 19th Incident", the Soviet Union would not have disintegrated

3. Reading material: "Dear compatriots! ... In view of the situation that has arisen since the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, I have decided to cease exercising the functions of President of the Soviet Union."

——Gorbachev December 25, 1991

Please answer:

(1) What changes did Gorbachev’s speech indicate in the Soviet Union?

(2) What was the essence of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union?

(3) What impact did the drastic changes in the Soviet Union have on the international situation?

(1) The disintegration of the Soviet Union;

(2) Transform from the Soviet Union Republic to independent capitalist countries;

(3) The disintegration of the Soviet Union marked the end of the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union for hegemony, the end of the bipolar world pattern, and the beginning of a multipolar world pattern.

4. Some people believe that the main responsibility for the disintegration of the Soviet Union lies with Gorbachev. Due to his incompetence, the Soviet Communist Party lost power and the country changed its banner. Therefore, the tragedy of the Soviet Union's disintegration can be avoided; while some people believe that "it was not possible to freeze three feet in a day." "Cold", the disintegration of the Soviet Union has long been doomed and is inevitable. What do you think? At the same time, during your research process, can you provide some experience and lessons for China's reform, which is also in the primary stage of socialism?

Key points to answer the question: The contradiction between the highly centralized political and economic system and social productivity was the fundamental cause of the Soviet Union's disintegration; Gorbachev's reforms were the direct cause of the Soviet Union's disintegration. If the Soviet Union could change the constraints of Stalin's model on productivity through reforms, the Soviet Union would disintegrate. The tragedy can be avoided. (As long as it makes sense.)

Experience: Reform is a powerful driving force for social development. Only by continuously carrying out reform based on the national conditions of the country can we continuously adapt to the requirements of productivity development. At the same time, reform must focus on economic construction and adhere to the four basic principles.

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