"Confrontation in the Cold War" The Evolution of the Postwar World Pattern PPT Courseware 4

Description

"Confrontation in the Cold War" The Evolution of the Postwar World Pattern PPT Courseware 4

cold war

1. Concept

The United States led Western capitalist countries in adopting all means of hostility except armed attack against socialist countries such as the Soviet Union to "contain" communism. called Cold War policy.

1. The United States and the Soviet Union were evenly matched, and the United States did not have an overwhelming advantage;

2. After the war, people decided that peace was the mainstream, and neither the United States nor the Soviet Union was willing or dared to reignite the war and get involved in a new world war.

2. Content

Politics: Truman Doctrine

Economy: Marshall Plan

Military: Creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Material 1: The United States has the mission of leading the "free world" to "prevent the infiltration of communism." ——Truman’s speech to Congress in March 1947

Material 2: “The primary goal of U.S. foreign policy is to create conditions under which we and other nations can jointly establish a way of life free from coercion…But unless we are willing to help people in free nations maintain their free institutions and nations

Integrity and resistance to aggressive activities that seek to impose a totalitarian regime on them is an unattainable goal. ——A speech by Truman in March 1947

1. What does the “free world” in Material 1 refer to? Who does “communism” mainly refer to?

The "free world" refers to the capitalist world, and "communism" mainly refers to the socialist forces led by the Soviet Union.

2. Based on the above materials, answer, what is the essence of the "Truman Doctrine"?

The essence of the "Truman Doctrine" is to interfere in other countries' internal affairs and "contain communism."

Take a look and think about it

Material 1: From 1948 to 1950, a total of 16 countries received more than 13 billion US dollars in aid from the United States, 90% of which were gifts and 10% were loans. Therefore, Churchill called the "Marshall Plan" "the most generous act in human history."

Material 2: “For every loan we accept, our independence decreases.” ——French Prime Minister Pilardi

To resolve the economic difficulties and political turmoil in postwar Western Europe.

1. What problems did the Marshall Plan want to solve in Europe? What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?

Purpose: 1. Help Western European countries quickly restore their economies and prevent the outbreak of revolution;

2. Through US aid, open the door to Western Europe and control Western Europe.

2. Based on the materials and the knowledge you have learned, answer, what is the impact of the "Marshall Plan"?

Positive impact: The economies of Western European countries have recovered rapidly;

Negative impact: Western Europe is controlled by the United States

discuss

What impact did the Cold War have on the world?

1. The conflict between the two powerful forces has made the world unstable for a long time;

2. The two powers were evenly matched and did not dare to use force easily, thus avoiding the outbreak of a new world war;

3. Objectively, the competition between the two powers has promoted the development of science and technology.

Some people say that the essence of the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is competition between different social systems. Some say that the fundamental reason for the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is for the interests of their respective countries. Think about who is right.

1. First of all, after the end of World War II, due to ideological differences and national interests, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union changed from a wartime alliance to a hostile relationship.

2. Secondly, the fundamental reason for the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union was for their respective national interests;

3. Finally, the essence of the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union was the division of the world's spheres of influence between the United States and the Soviet Union based on their strength.

1. Truman once said: The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan are "two halves of a walnut." Their meaning does not include

A. They are all part of the U.S. "Cold War" policy

B． All take economic and military assistance as the main form

C. Their purpose is to fight against the Soviet Union and the Communist Party

D. It's all for America's own interests

2. After World War II, the United States pursued the "Cold War" policy of "containing communism", which manifested itself in the following ways:

① Provide economic assistance to Western Europe ② Support the rise of the Federal Republic of Germany

③ Directly send troops to North Korea in the name of the United Nations

④Establish a military and political group─NATO ( )

A. ①B. ①②　C. ①②④　D． ①②③④

3. The fundamental purpose of the United States’ “European Renaissance Plan” is ( )

A. Stabilizing Europe's capitalist system

B． Promote the policy of "containing communism"

C. Economic penetration into the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

D. Help Western Europe's economic recovery

4． What the League of Nations and the United Nations have in common is ( )

A. are the products of the imperialist world war.

B． In the early days, they were all controlled by the United States.

C. Members include all major powers

D. All claim to maintain world peace and security

What are the connections and differences between the "Marshall Plan" and the "Truman Doctrine"?

Purpose: The Marshall Plan was a large-scale application of the Truman Doctrine. Its essence was to contain the Soviet Union, stabilize the capitalist order, and establish the hegemony of the United States;

Means: But the Truman Doctrine was openly anti-communist and anti-Soviet, while the Marshall Plan used covert economic means to control Western Europe and unite Western European countries to jointly fight against communism and the Soviet Union.

On March 12, 1947, Truman read a message to Congress: asking the United States to assist "Greece and Turkey threatened by communism" and publicly declared that the United States would confront the Soviet Union and communism everywhere in the world. This is the "Truman Doctrine"

1. Who originally sent the Cold War signal?

2. From the materials, we can see that the United States launched the Cold War. What was its purpose?

3. What impact did the proposal of the “Truman Doctrine” have on U.S. foreign policy?

It showed that the United States openly gave up cooperation with the Soviet Union and turned to open confrontation, and turned from local expansion to global expansion.

Take a look and think about it

As you can see from the map on page 162 of the textbook, Greece and Turkey are not countries along the Atlantic coast. Why were they absorbed into NATO? Do you know how many countries there were in NATO as of June 2004?

Out of strategic considerations, the United States absorbed Greece and Turkey as NATO members in order to surround the Soviet Union.

As of June 2004, NATO has 26 member states.

The impact of the cold war

1. Make Western Europe rely on the United States and Eastern Europe be controlled by the Soviet Union.

2. The confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union and the nuclear arms race threatened the world.

3. In order to compete for spheres of influence, the United States and the Soviet Union trampled on international law and interfered in other countries' internal affairs, seriously undermining world peace.

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Update Time: 2024-10-05

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