"The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 5

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"The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 5

learning target:

1. The development of post-war socialism:

Initially, all countries carried out economic construction according to the Stalin model. As the shortcomings of the Stalin model were exposed, various countries successively carried out reforms, with Hungary's reform being the most prominent.

2. Reforms in Eastern European socialist countries:

1. Hungarian reforms

(1) Background: The Hungarian Incident in October 1956

(2) Time: after 1956

(3) Measures:

1. Politically: Reform the leadership of the party, promote socialist democracy, improve the legal system, and stabilize the political situation.

2. Economically: Slow down the development of heavy industry, give priority to the development of agriculture and light industry, adjust agricultural policies, and carry out management system reforms in industry.

(4) Impact: The political and economic situation in Hungary was gradually stabilized, laying a good foundation for the comprehensive economic reform in the 1960s and 1970s.

2. Prague Spring—Czechoslovak Reform

What were the results of Hungary's reforms?

1. The income of some urban workers has increased; agriculture has continued to develop.

In 1984, per capita grain production ranked among the top five in the world.

2. The burden of foreign debt is getting heavier and heavier.

At the beginning of 1988, China had a foreign debt of US$16 billion and a per capita foreign debt of US$1,500, ranking first among Eastern European countries.

3. The fiscal deficit has increased and inflation has become serious.

Eastern European countries were bound to the bloc system dominated by the Soviet Union and were controlled by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union forced Eastern European countries to be consistent with it in domestic and foreign policies. They lacked the conditions for independent choice and were difficult to break through.

Since the purpose of Czechoslovakia's reforms was to get rid of Soviet control, the Soviet Union suppressed Czechoslovakia's reforms with force. This reflects that Eastern European countries actually do not have the right to independence. This is also the historical reason for the drastic changes in Eastern Europe.

3. Drastic changes in Eastern Europe

1. Background: ① In the 1980s, the highly centralized economic management system became increasingly unable to adapt to the requirements of economic development, and people's living standards declined.

②The failure of reform and increasingly serious economic difficulties have led to a serious social crisis.

③The Soviet Union relaxed its control over Eastern European countries.

2. Time: Starting from the second half of 1989.

3. Result: Within one year, parties in various countries that had been in power for more than 40 years lost power one after another, and social systems also changed.

4. The situation after the drastic changes in Eastern Europe

Yugoslavia was divided into five;

Czechoslovakia was divided into two;

The Democratic Republic of Germany and the Federal Republic of Germany merged to achieve reunification.

What inspirations does the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe have on the development of our country?

Adhere to the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and adhere to independent domestic and foreign policies;

Vigorously develop productive forces, improve people's living standards, and demonstrate the superiority of socialism;

Establish and improve socialist democracy and the legal system, and implement the rule of law;

Strengthen the building of the ruling party and safeguard the party's leadership position.

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"The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 4:

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"The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 3:

"Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 3 1. Hungary's Reform In the mid-1950s, the proportions of agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry in Eastern European countries were seriously imbalanced, agricultural production was reduced, and market supply was tight. ,..

"The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries in Eastern Europe" The Reform and Evolution of Socialist Countries PPT Courseware 2:

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Update Time: 2024-11-19

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