"Russian Reforms" PPT

Description

"Russian Reforms" PPT

Part One: Teaching Objectives

Know the unification of Russia, the establishment of the Tsarist autocratic system and the serfdom system, the reforms of Peter I that started the process of Russia's modernization, Russia's territorial expansion, and the main contents of Alexander II's reforms; understand the background, nature and role of Alexander II's reforms; An objective evaluation of Alexander II’s reforms

Carry out discussion and study on the reasons for Alexander II's reforms, and initially learn how to analyze problems from the two aspects of fundamental causes and direct causes; analyze the progress and limitations of Russia's abolition of serfdom reforms, and initially learn to look at problems dialectically and evaluate them comprehensively historical events ability

The reforms of Peter I were the requirements of the times, and the reforms of Peter I conformed to the trend of historical development; the reforms of Alexander II promoted the development of Russian capitalism and enhanced Russia's national strength, indicating that reform is the way to a powerful country.

Russian reforms PPT, part 2: Peter I’s reforms

The development history of Russia

The ancestors of the Russians are a branch of the East Slavs who established Kievan Rus in the late 9th century. In the first half of the 13th century, Kievan Rus was conquered by the Mongols. In the process of resisting the Mongol rule, the Principality of Muscovy gradually rose to power and unified Russia by the beginning of the 16th century. After Grand Duke Ivan IV of Moscow came to the throne, he officially adopted the title of "Tsar", which strengthened the Tsar's autocratic power.

The Mongols (Golden Horde) ruled Russia for more than 200 years, giving Russia the color of Eastern feudal despotism. After getting rid of the Mongol rule, Russia also lost its organic economic and cultural ties with Western European countries. Especially compared with the opening of new sea routes, the Renaissance movement and the rise of capitalist production in Western Europe, it seems backward and authoritarian. A major event with far-reaching impact occurred in Tsarist Russia in the early 18th century - the reforms of Peter I.

The background of Peter I's reforms

Serfdom was prevalent in Russia in the 17th century, lagging behind countries such as the Netherlands and Britain. In order to change Russia's backwardness and make the country rich and powerful, Peter I carried out reforms.

Contents of Peter I's reforms

politics

Restructured the administrative agencies and established a centralized administrative system, which further strengthened the tsar's autocratic power; required nobles to serve the country in the military or administrative agencies, and promoted talents based on merit and talent

military

Created a new, highly disciplined standing army

economy

Encourage the establishment of handicraft workshops and allow workshop owners to purchase entire villages of serfs

culture

Promote cultural education, send overseas students, establish academies of science, open schools, and establish newspapers

Life

Promote people to learn Western etiquette and lifestyle

Evaluate the reforms of Peter I

Through the reforms of Peter I, Russia's economic and military strength were greatly enhanced, becoming a European military power and preparing conditions for external expansion. From 1700 to 1721, Russia and Sweden were at war. Russia won, seized the outlet of the Baltic Sea, and built a new capital, St. Petersburg, during the course of the war. Peter I's reforms started the process of Russian modernization. However, under the rule of Peter I, serfdom was further strengthened and later became an obstacle to the development of Russian society.

Russia's Reform PPT, Part Three: Abolition of Serfdom in Russia

(1) Reasons for the abolition of serfdom

In 1850, Russia's iron output was 228,000 tons, Britain's iron output during the same period was 2.285 million tons, and France's was 406,000 tons. In 1860, Russia's iron output reached 298,000 tons. During the same period, Britain's iron output reached 3.888 million tons, France's 898,000 tons, and Germany's 500,000 tons.

1. What can we tell from the materials about the development of capitalism in Russia in the mid-19th century?

Capitalist economy develops slowly

2. Why does Russian capitalism lag far behind capitalist countries such as Britain and France?

Obstacles of Russian Serfdom

(2) Abolition of serfdom in Russia (Why abolition?)

Difficulties at home and abroad

Economics: (root cause)

Serfdom →Hindered the development of capitalism

politics:

Serf Revolt → Crisis of Tsarism

The Crimean War aggravated the domestic crisis (direct cause).

(3) The abolition of serfdom reform in 1861 (top-down)

content

1. The law stipulates that serfs gain personal freedom and can change their status and occupation freely;

2. When the serfs were "liberated", they could get a piece of land, but they had to pay for the land.

(4) The purpose of abolition of serfdom in Russia

“Instead of waiting for the peasants to rise up and liberate themselves from the bottom up, it is better to liberate the peasants from the top down.” - Alexander II in a speech in March 1856

Please answer:

(1) In the material, what does "peasants rise up from the bottom up to liberate themselves" refer to? What does “liberating farmers from above” mean?

peasant uprising; serfdom reform

(2) From this, what can we see as the subjective purpose of Alexander II’s reforms?

In order to get rid of the crisis of serfdom and safeguard the interests of aristocratic landowners.

(5) Evaluation of the abolition of serfdom in Russia

Nature: It is a bourgeois reform implemented by the tsar from top to bottom;

Significance: It was a major turning point in Russian history; the abolition of serfdom promoted a new atmosphere in all aspects of society and pushed Russia onto the path of developing capitalism.

Limitations: The reform was very incomplete and retained a large number of feudal remnants. Affecting the development of Russia's economy and society.

Russia's Reform PPT, Part 4: Test You

1. The result of Russia’s 1861 reforms was ( )

A. Put Russia on the path of external expansion

B． Make Russia an economic power

C. Make Russia a centralized state

D. Put Russia on the road to developing capitalism

2. In modern history, which of the following countries solved the land problem through redemption during the reform?

A. Russia B. Japan

C. UK D. Netherlands

3. If you were to paint a portrait of Russian Czar Alexander II, the historical scenarios you could choose are:

A. He signed the decree abolishing serfdom

B． He fought at the Battle of Saratoga C. He signed and promulgated the Civil Code

D. He led the parliamentary army to defeat King Charles I's army

4. The main basis for saying that Russia’s 1861 reform was a bourgeois reform is: ( )

A. Establish a bourgeois republic

B. Abolition of serfdom and promoted the development of capitalism

C. Promote school education in line with the trend of modernization

D. Strengthened the tsar’s autocratic power

Russian Reform PPT, Part 5: Comparison of Knowledge Points

What are the similarities and differences between the reforms of Peter I and Alexander II?

Same point:

Method: top-down reform.

Impact: All promoted the progress of Russian society. All enhanced Russia's economic and military strength.

difference:

①Different backgrounds:

In the late 17th century, Peter I's reforms aimed at changing Russia's backwardness; during the 1861 reforms, Russian serfdom experienced a serious crisis. In order to ensure the power of the serf owners, Czar Alexander II delayed the arrival of the revolution.

②The reform content is different:

The reforms of Peter I were mainly to strengthen centralization, expand military power, develop the economy, promote school education, and reform social customs, without touching the serfdom system at all. The reform in 1861 was simple in content, declaring that serfs became legally "free persons" and abolishing serfdom. system.

③Different impacts:

The former puts Russia on the path of expansion and aggression; the latter puts Russia on the path of capitalism.

④The nature of reforms is different:

The reforms of Peter I were of a landlord (serf owner) class nature, while the reforms of 1861 were of a bourgeois nature.

Keywords: free download of history PPT courseware for ninth grade volume 2 of Ministry of Education Edition, Russian Reform PPT download, .PPT format;

For more information about the "Russian Reforms" PPT courseware, please click on the Russian Reforms ppt tab.

"Russian Reforms" PPT courseware:

"Russian Reforms" PPT courseware content of the first part: Russian history Late 9th century: East Slavs established Kievan Rus. First half of 13th century: Kievan Rus was conquered by the Mongols. 14th century: Muscovy was established. Late 15th century: Muscovy unified Russia. 1..

File Info

Update Time: 2024-07-02

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade History Volume 2 industry PPT template

Preview