"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" PPT

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"Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union" PPT

Part One: New Economic Policy

Lenin’s exploration of the path of socialism

(1) It promotes economic recovery and development and improves people’s lives.

(2) Consolidated the alliance of workers and peasants and also consolidated the Soviet power.

(3) It is a useful exploration by Soviet Russia on how to carry out socialist construction.

Russian names from different periods:

Tsarist Russia (ancient—1917)

Soviet Russia (1917-1922)

Soviet Union (1922-1991)

Russia (1991-present)

Socialist Construction of the Soviet Union PPT, Part 2: Industrialization of the Soviet Union [Stalin]

1. Two five-year plans

Since the Soviet Union was the only socialist country, it was surrounded by hostile capitalism. The Soviet Union was economically and technologically very backward, while the surrounding capitalist countries were technologically advanced and industrially developed. If the Soviet Union cannot eliminate this backwardness in a short period of time, does not develop industry, does not establish military industry, and does not quickly consolidate national defense, imperialism may launch military intervention and aggression at any time to strangle the Soviet power.

——Stalin, "On the Tasks of Economic Workers"

Although the New Economic Policy revived the Soviet Union, until 1928, the Soviet Union's industrial output was less than half that of Germany and one-eighth that of the United States. There are less than 30,000 tractors in the country, and 99% of farming is done by animal power and manpower.

——"The Rise of Great Powers"

Threatened by imperialism; industrially backward.

2. Industrialization achievements

After the completion of the two five-year plans, the Soviet Union transformed from an agricultural country into an industrial country. Its total industrial output exceeded that of Germany, Britain, and France, ranking first in Europe and second in the world. The proportion of industrial production in world industrial production increased from 2.6% in the Tsarist era to 13.7% in 1937.

Evaluation: The industrialization of the Soviet Union was completed under a highly centralized directive plan. On the one hand, it enabled the Soviet Union to concentrate the country's manpower, material and financial resources to achieve industrialization in a short period of time; on the other hand, this development model that excluded the market and commodity economy was fixed, causing the Soviet economic system to become increasingly rigid.

Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union PPT, Part Three: Agricultural Collectivization in the Soviet Union [Stalin]

1. Background

From 1927 to 1928, a serious grain procurement crisis occurred in the Soviet Union. Stalin used administrative means to speed up the process of agricultural collectivization and solve the food problem.

2. Agricultural collectivization

Since the early 1930s, the Soviet Union began a large-scale agricultural collectivization movement.

Eliminate the rich peasants; the government supports the construction of collective farms, sets up tractor stations, provides mechanical services to the farms, and supervises the implementation of the national production plan by the farms.

3. Formation of a highly centralized political and economic system

In 1936, the Soviet Union promulgated a new constitution and declared the establishment of a socialist system.

The Constitution marks the formation of the political and economic system created by Stalin, which is known as the "Soviet model", also known as the "Stalin model".

4. Features

A highly centralized planned economic system and a highly centralized political system.

Implement a single public ownership system, use administrative means to manage the economy, implement highly centralized departmental management, and exclude market regulation. The plan is completely directive and must be implemented by leading agencies at all levels. Enterprises have no initiative.

Power is highly concentrated and the construction of democracy and legal system is ignored. Leaders at all levels are actually appointed by their superiors and are basically not subject to supervision by the masses.

5. Evaluation

Positive effects: The Soviet Union achieved industrialization in a relatively short period of time, laid a material foundation for future victory in the anti-fascist war, demonstrated the superiority of the socialist system, and won a huge international reputation.

Negative effect: The Soviet Union paid a heavy price

The one-sided development of heavy industry has led to a serious imbalance in the proportion of agriculture and industry to light industry.

Farmers are not very motivated to produce

The directive plan suppressed the enthusiasm of local governments and enterprises and hindered the sustainable development of the Soviet economy.

The planned economic system became an important reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

6. Enlightenment

⑴ When developing the economy, it is necessary to coordinate the proportion of agriculture to weight;

⑵ Put the interests of the people first;

⑶The government should formulate policies that are consistent with national conditions and promote economic development;

⑷The combination of planned economy and market economy promotes rapid economic development.

Socialist Construction in the Soviet Union PPT, Part 4: After-school Activities

To judge your understanding of the text below, please put a √ in the brackets after the correct option and an X for the wrong option.

The new economic policy started from the national conditions of Soviet Russia and mobilized the enthusiasm of all parties ( )

Under the leadership of Lenin, the Soviet Union began to carry out socialist industrialization ( )

In order to speed up industrialization, Stalin accelerated the collectivization of agriculture ( )

In 1936, the Soviet Union declared the establishment of the socialist system ( )

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Update Time: 2024-11-24

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