"Roosevelt's New Deal" PPT

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"Roosevelt's New Deal" PPT

Part One: Introduction of New Course

National Industrial Recovery Act

Roosevelt promulgated the National Industrial Recovery Act, requiring enterprises in various industries to formulate fair operating regulations for their own industries, and determine the production scale, price levels, market allocation, wage standards, working hours, etc. of each enterprise to prevent blind competition caused by Overproduction, thereby strengthening government control and regulation of capitalist industrial production·

On June 16, 1933, the U.S. Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act. Its true connotation is to force enterprises to safeguard workers' rights and dignity through institutional constraints and create more job opportunities. Two years later, on May 27, 1935, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional. Since it has been implemented for two years, the ideas advocated by this bill have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and tens of millions of ordinary workers have been awakened to organize unions and go on strike to safeguard their rights. After the National Industrial Recovery Act was found to be unconstitutional, legislation to protect labor rights did not stop. In the following years, some more operational labor rights protection laws were enacted one after another. Therefore, this law has its great significance.

Roosevelt's New Deal PPT, Part 2: Prosperity in the United States in the 1920s

1. Background: The relative stability and “prosperity” of the capitalist world from 1924 to 1929.

2. Fundamental reason: The basic contradiction of capitalist society blinds production.

3. Beginning: 1929 United States.

Characteristics: ① The scope of influence is particularly wide, affecting the entire capitalist world;

②It lasted extremely long, from 1929 to 1933;

③ It is extremely destructive. The industrial output of the entire capitalist world has dropped by more than 40%, and the trade volume has been reduced by 2/3.

Impact: A large number of companies went bankrupt, banks collapsed, and the number of unemployed people surged.

Roosevelt's New Deal PPT, Part 3: Economic Crisis

1. Purpose and means: Strengthen state intervention and guidance in the economy (means) to eliminate the economic crisis (direct purpose);

Maintain the capitalist system (fundamental purpose).

2. Characteristics: (new) state intervention in the economy.

Main measures (content):

① Rectify the police system: Pass the "Emergency Banking Act" to rectify banks and restore credit,

② Strengthen planning guidance for industry: Pass the National Industrial Revitalization Law, establish fair competition regulations, and coordinate various industrial enterprises

activities in the industrial sector; provides for the right of employees to organize and negotiate, determines minimum wages and working hours; adopts the National

The Labor Relations Law protects the legitimate rights and interests of workers within a certain scope.

③Adjust agricultural policies: Pass the "Agricultural Adjustment Law" to regulate national agricultural production and sales, limit output, and protect agricultural product prices.

④ Promote “relief for work”: Provide employment opportunities for the unemployed by investing in the construction of a large number of public facilities.

⑤Develop social welfare: Pass the Social Security Law, establish a social welfare system, emergency relief agencies, and use surplus materials

Funding relief business families.

Measure 1: Rectify the financial system

On the second day after taking office, Roosevelt ordered banks across the country to take a four-day holiday. Congress then passed the Emergency Banking Act. At the same time, Congress appropriated US$3 billion in loans to large banks to support their opening and established the "Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation." ”, implement government insurance on deposits.

Measure 2: Strengthen planning guidance for industry

The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933: The government regulates problems in industrial production, and each industrial enterprise formulates fair operating regulations for its industry. The regulations determine the production scale, product prices, and sales market distribution of each enterprise... Anyone who accepts regulations Enterprises will all be issued a blue eagle logo printed with "We do our duty". National Labor Relations Act of 1935: Reaffirms workers' rights; employers may not refuse to bargain collectively with workers, and established the Labor Relations Board under this law. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: stipulates the minimum wage and maximum working hours for enterprise workers, stipulating a 40-hour work week and a minimum wage of $1 per hour. The employment of child labor under the age of 16 is also prohibited.

Measure 3: Adjust agricultural policies

In 1933, the "Agricultural Adjustment Act" was formulated and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration was established accordingly. Its measures were: reducing cultivated land, reducing the existing cultivated land area, slaughtering a large number of livestock, and the government subsidizing farmers' economic losses. Farmers' cash income increased from $4 billion in 1932 to nearly $7 billion in 1935.

Measure 4: Promote “relief for work”

In 1932, the number of unemployed people in the United States reached 11 million. According to "Happiness" magazine, there are 34 million adult men and women in the United States who have no income. Many people starve to death, and those who are still alive are also in dire straits.

3. Purpose of the New Deal:

① Direct purpose:

Make adjustments within the capitalist system and strengthen state intervention and guidance in the economy to eliminate economic crises

②Fundamental purpose:

Stabilize bourgeois rule

4. Characteristics of the New Deal:

Strengthen state intervention and guidance in the economy

5. Substance

Partial adjustments to capitalist production relations on the premise of maintaining the capitalist system.

6. Function:

① The U.S. economy is slowly recovering and people’s lives have improved;

②The capitalist system is stabilized;

③ It pioneered state intervention in the economy and provided a reference for other capitalist countries. Since then, capitalist countries have strengthened state monopoly and adjusted economic policies in a timely manner to prevent the occurrence of new crises.

④ Roosevelt’s New Deal is an important milestone in the history of capitalist development.

7. Evaluation:

① Roosevelt's New Deal was a partial adjustment of production relations without changing the capitalist system. It strengthened the government's ability to regulate the economy at a macro level, was conducive to economic development, and restored people's confidence in the American national system;

②Although the New Deal enabled the United States to recover from the crisis, it did not change the inherent contradictions of capitalist society and could not eliminate the root causes of the economic crisis.

Roosevelt's New Deal PPT, Part 4: Consolidate and Improve

1. Roosevelt said: "To correct forever the serious shortcomings of our economic system, we rely on a new application of the old democratic order." The "new application" here refers to ( )

A. Strengthen state intervention and guidance in the economy

B． Implement a highly centralized planned economic system

C. practice fascism

D. Continuing laissez-faire economic policies

2. In the 1930s, the British economist Keynes said in a letter to Franklin Roosevelt: "We regard the day you become president as the beginning of a new economic era." The "new economic era" here refers to ()

A. The era of laissez-faire economics

B. The era of state intervention in the economy

C. The era of the development of the “welfare state”

D. The era of developing the “new economy”

3. The figure below "U.S. Unemployment Rate from 1925 to 1945" shows that the unemployment rate in the United States was the highest in 1933. The event that caused this result is ( )

A.World War I

B. Great crisis of capitalist economy

C.World War II

D. The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union for hegemony

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