"Medieval European Society" Feudal Society in Asia and Europe PPT Courseware 8

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"Medieval European Society" Feudal Society in Asia and Europe PPT Courseware 8

Roman Empire

(In 27 BC, Octavian proclaimed himself emperor, spanning Europe, Asia, and Africa)↓

The Roman Empire fell apart (395)↓

The fall of the Western Roman Empire (the end of slave society in Western Europe in 476)

1. Strictly hierarchical feudal society in Western Europe

1. The establishment of the Frankish Kingdom

2. Feudal hierarchy in Western Europe

3. The status and influence of the Holy See in Western European feudal society

2. The hierarchy of feudal society in Western Europe

Reforms of Charles Martel (early 8th century)

Main content: Change the previous practice of unconditionally awarding land to nobles and implement conditional land enfeoffment. Those who receive the fief must perform military service for the feudal lord.

The relationship between feudal lords and vassals bound by land

The relationship between lord and vassal

The relationship between superiors and subordinates at each level is that of lord and vassal, and they are all subordinate relationships. The feudal master protected the vassal, and the vassal swore allegiance to the feudal master, paid tribute, and was called upon to fight in war.

"The vassals of my vassals are not my vassals." What does this sentence illustrate about the characteristics of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe?

Characteristics of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe:

Between the feudal lord and the vassal, protection and responsibility are level by level.

The expansion of the power of the Christian church

In the 4th century, Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire. The Christian Church expanded its power and influence during the long-term turmoil in Western Europe.

After "Pepin offered his soil", the connection between the king and the church was strengthened, making the religious power override the royal power.

What conclusions can we draw from the story of Pepin’s offering of soil?

During the feudal society period in Western Europe, the pope and the church were not only the largest landowners in Western Europe, but also the spiritual pillars of the feudal system in Western Europe. In the realm of thought and culture, divine authority overrides everything.

2. The re-emergence of Western European cities

Reading summarizes the time, city and significance of the re-emergence of Western European cities

1. Time: 10th century Cities as centers of handicraft industry and commerce were spread throughout Western Europe.

2. Cities: Venice, Genoa, Florence in Italy, Paris in France, London in the UK, etc.

3. Class conditions: early bourgeoisie (rich businessmen and bankers)

4. Significance: Prepared conditions for the rise of capitalism.

French Uprising

At the beginning of the 12th century, the residents of Langcheng collected a large ransom and bought back the city's autonomy from the bishop and king.

The bishop broke his promise and soon after receiving the money, he wanted to rule Langcheng again.

In 1112, the angry residents of Langcheng launched an uprising, established a "commune" and killed the bishop. The king sent troops to suppress it, but the residents of Langcheng persisted in fighting.

In 1128 Louis VI was forced to agree to the implementation of self-government in Lang.

3. The decline of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire)

1. Relics of ancient Greek and Roman culture (Hagia Sophia)

2. The demise of the Byzantine Empire

1. Sixth century: Conquests everywhere, all wealth was exhausted and the people were impoverished. Foreign troubles continued.

2. First half of the 13th century: Conquered by Western armies.

3. Mid-15th century: Destroyed by Ottoman Türkiye.

collaborative inquiry

What was the reason for the fall of the Byzantine Empire? What inspiration does it give us?

Reason: The rulers of the Byzantine Empire ignored the civilization factors that quietly emerged after the emergence of Western European cities. They were still intoxicated with the glorious achievements they had made, and they did not bother to learn and absorb the advantages and strengths of other civilizations.

Enlightenment: Openness and tolerance make civilization prosper, while conservatism and narrowness make civilization decline.

practise

1. Which of the following descriptions of medieval Western European society is correct ( )

A. The Holy See has supreme power B. Feudal lords can rule over the vassals of their own vassals

C. The king was the largest landowner D. Islam was the spiritual pillar of Western European feudal society

2. The basis for the formation of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe is ( )

A. The establishment of the Roman Republic B. expansion of roman empire

C. Alexander's Eastern Expeditions D. charlie martel reform

3. The picture on the right reflects ( )

A. Western European feudal hierarchy

B． Western Zhou Enfeoffment System

C. athenian democracy

D. The centralized system of Qin Dynasty

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