"The Dawn of the Capitalist Era" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 4

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"The Dawn of the Capitalist Era" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 4

modern world history

The modern history of the world is the history of the emergence, development and gradual maturity of capitalism.

Starting point: Renaissance and the opening of new shipping routes (14th-16th centuries)

The End: World War I (1917)

1. Renaissance

Time of rise: around the 14th century

Reasons for the rise

Around the 14th century, manual workshops appeared in Italy, and capitalist production relations emerged.

European feudal society destroyed thought and culture and controlled people's spiritual world

Guiding ideology: humanism

Essence: bourgeois ideological and cultural movement

Place of Origin: Italy

Representative figures: Dante, Da. Finch, Shakespeare

Influence: It laid the ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalist society.

2. The opening of new routes

1. Economic and social reasons:

The buds of capitalism

Europeans’ “gold rush”

East-West trade routes blocked

Navigation activities that open up new routes

2. Objective conditions

Astronomical geography knowledge

The popularity of the round earth theory

Navigation and shipbuilding technology

compass

shipbuilding technology

Astrolabe

4. The impact of the opening of new routes

① After the opening of new shipping routes, transportation from Europe to Asia, America, Africa and other places became increasingly close, and the world began to become connected as a whole.

②Europe’s trade center shifted. The transfer from the original Mediterranean coast to the Atlantic coast promoted the decline of the feudal system and the development of capitalism in Western Europe.

③The opening of new sea routes also opened up a path of colonial exploration for Europe. Portugal, Spain, Britain and the Netherlands successively embarked on the path of colonial expansion. They plundered a large amount of colonial wealth, causing poverty and backwardness in countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

The 14th to 16th centuries were the era when people and the world were discovered.

What do these two findings refer to?

Why is it said that "the 14th to 16th centuries were the times when people and the world were discovered."

1. What arouses Western Europeans’ fascination with the East is

A. "The Travels of Marco Polo" B. "Journey to the West"

C. "Divine Comedy" D. "Journey to the East"

2. Among the activities to open up new sea routes in the West, the first to find a sea route to the East was

A. Dias b. da gama

C. Columbus d. Magellan's fleet

3. The first country to explore new shipping routes was ( )

A. Britain and the NetherlandsB. portugal and spain

C. Italy and Türkiye D. Britain and France

4. The first person to discover the New World of America was ( )

A. Dias B. da gama

C. Columbus D. Magellan's fleet

The versatile cultural giant——Leonardo da Vinci

Italian, a famous painter and scientist at the height of the Renaissance. At the age of 14, he studied painting with a teacher. Later, he, Michelangelo and Raphael were known as the "Three Masters of Art" during the Renaissance. He has extensively dabbled in various disciplines such as mathematics, physics, biology, anatomy, geography, engineering and military affairs, and is a rare versatile scholar in the history of world science. Called the "giant" of the Renaissance by Engels.

Pioneer of the Renaissance - Dante

As a teenager, he studied hard and read a lot of books, and eventually became a versatile and knowledgeable scholar and poet. As one of the administrators of Florence, he was persecuted by the Pope for resisting the Pope's intervention in internal affairs and was sentenced to lifelong exile. He lived in various parts of Italy for nearly 20 years. The "Divine Comedy" was composed while in exile.

William Shakespeare is considered by many to be the most outstanding writer in the history of English literature. Not only did he create some of the most tear-jerking tragedies, many of his comedies are also the most intriguing of all plays ever performed on the British stage. People laugh. In addition, he also wrote 154 sonnets and several long poems. These poems are not just simple narratives, but can touch the deepest part of human nature. Therefore, they are considered by many to be masterpieces in the history of British literature.

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Update Time: 2024-09-21

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