"The Dawn of the Capitalist Era" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 8

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"The Dawn of the Capitalist Era" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 8

When the night has just ended and the day has just arrived, the first ray of sunlight that appears is the dawn.

If feudal society is compared to a long dark night, the first ray of sunshine that appears when the darkness of feudal society has just ended and a new society is about to arrive is the dawn of the capitalist era.

Renaissance

1. Tracing back to the source

1. The prosperity of Italian industry and commerce

2. The constraints of feudal theology

2. Approach the Master

1. Dante - "Divine Comedy"

2. Leonardo da Vinci - "Mona Lisa"

3. Shakespeare - "Romeo and Juliet" and "Hamlet"

3. Deepen understanding

1. Core of the Renaissance: Humanism

2. The significance of the Renaissance: emancipate people’s minds, promote people’s awakening, and promote the development of European capitalism.

Why did the Renaissance first start in Italy? (Read the two paragraphs on page 58 of the text):

Capitalist production relations first developed in Italy, giving rise to the emerging bourgeoisie. (humanism)

"The Immortal Soul" (the guiding ideology of the Renaissance movement)

humanism

(Meaning: 1. The emerging bourgeoisie demands that "people" be the center instead of "God"; 2. It advocates the promotion of human personality and the pursuit of human happiness in real life.)

1. The Renaissance was a brand-new cultural movement initiated by the emerging bourgeoisie that promoted ancient Greek and Roman culture, opposed the outdated preaching preached by the church, and promoted the emancipation of people's minds.

2. It is not just a simple restoration of ancient Greek and Roman culture, but uses humanism as a weapon to fight against feudalism and the church.

The historical significance of the Renaissance

(1) Promoted the prosperity of European cultural and ideological fields,

(2) It laid the ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalist society.

3. The impact of opening up new shipping routes

① Impact on the world: After the opening of new shipping routes, transportation from Europe to Asia, America, Africa and other places became increasingly close, and the world began to connect as a whole.

② Impact on Europe: The industrial and commercial economy on the Atlantic coast of Europe prospered, promoting the emergence and development of capitalism.

③Impact on Asia, Africa and Latin America: The opening of new sea routes also opened up the path for colonial exploration in Europe. Portugal, Spain, Britain, the Netherlands, etc. successively embarked on the path of colonial expansion. They plundered a large number of colonial wealth, resulting in the collapse of Asia and Africa. poverty and backwardness in Latin American countries and regions.

Summary: What is the relationship between the Renaissance and the opening of new sea routes and capitalism?

1) Both emerged driven by the emergence of capitalism.

2) All promoted the development of emerging capitalism in Western Europe.

3) Created conditions for capitalism to defeat the old feudal forces from both spiritual and material aspects.

1. Multiple choice questions

1. Engels said: "Italy is a typical country that has produced many great figures since the era when the dawn of the modern world rose there." The "dawn of the modern world" here refers to ()

A. The rise of cities in Western Europe B. The opening of new shipping routes

C. Renaissance D. Founding of Christianity

2. During the Renaissance, the clothing concept centered on the pursuit of human body beauty, showing the characteristics of extroversion, extroversion, and extroversion. …The most striking feature is that clothing highlights individuality and shows individuality. The characteristics of clothing in this period fully reflected the spirit of the times ()

A. humanism b. materialism

C. Idealism D. romanticism

3. (2011·Guangzhou Simulation) Engels believed that “the name Renaissance did not fully express this era.” The meaning of this sentence means that the Renaissance did not have ()

A. Revive all ancient cultures

B. Carry forward ancient culture

C. Accurately reveal the nature of the movement

D. Put forward the demand for the establishment of bourgeois power

4. He wrote in "The Divine Comedy": "People cannot live like animals and should pursue virtue and knowledge." The "he" here refers to the pioneer of the Renaissance ( )

A. Leonardo da Vinci b. Homer

C. Dante D. Voltaire

2. Non-choice questions

Read the following material and answer questions:

Material 1: The awe of the "sacred key" you hold in the happy world is stopping me. If it were not the case, I would use harsher words: because your greed has made the world miserable and ravaged good people. , to elevate the wicked. ——Dante

Material 2 What an amazing masterpiece human beings are! What noble reason! What a great power! What a beautiful instrument! What a graceful gesture! How like an angel in behavior! How like a god in wisdom! The essence of the universe! The primate of all things! ——Shakespeare

(1) What is Dante criticizing in Material 1?

(2) What does Shakespeare praise in Material 2?

(3) What spirit do the two people’s works embody together?

(4) With this spirit as the core, which ideological emancipation movement has been launched in Europe? What impact has this movement had on Europe?

(1)Catholic Church. (2) People or human nature. (3) Humanism.

(4) Renaissance. It promoted the prosperity of European cultural and ideological fields and laid the ideological and cultural foundation for the emergence of European capitalist society.

Activity exploration 2

The following content is a different evaluation of Columbus's opening of the Atlantic route from Europe to the Americas. Do you think what they said makes sense? Tell us what you think.

Indians: Columbus brought European bandits to the Americas, destroyed our culture and plundered our wealth. He was a devil.

Europeans: Columbus discovered the New World, spread European civilization to the Americas, and brought backward America into the civilized era. He was a meritorious official.

Columbus's voyage to the Americas brought huge disasters to the Indians, exacerbating their poverty and backwardness. At the same time, objectively, the plundered wealth became the primitive accumulation of capital, which promoted the development of capitalism and was progressive.

modern world history

The modern history of the world is the history of the emergence, development and gradual maturity of capitalism.

Starting point: Renaissance and the opening of new shipping routes (14th-16th centuries)

The End: World War I (1917)

Capital: It is the resources you hold in your hands, that is, your own labor force, money, relationships and other resources. Capitalism: It is the process of using these resources to invest in value-added activities to bring you more resources. Employment relationship It is the most important characteristic of capitalism.

Capitalist society: It is a stage in the history of human society, a social system based on capitalists' possession of the means of production and the exploitation of wage labor.

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Update Time: 2024-09-25

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