"The Arrival of the Steam Age" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 2

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"The Arrival of the Steam Age" Entering Modern Times PPT Courseware 2

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?

1. Industrial Revolution

1. Political premise: the bourgeois revolution was carried out earlier, the rule of the bourgeoisie was established earlier, and provided guarantee for the industrial revolution;

2. Reason: The production of manual workshops cannot meet the needs of the market.

This is an old spinning wheel commonly used in Europe before the British Industrial Revolution. This kind of spinning wheel is also called the Saxon spinning wheel. It was invented in the early 16th century. It uses a worker's foot pedal to drive the spinning wheel to rotate for spinning. This kind of spinning wheel can perform two tasks of twisting cotton thread and winding cotton thread at the same time. But productivity is very low.

3. Process:

(1) Beginning: In the 1860s, the invention of the Jenny machine

Inventor: Hargreaves

Power: Manpower

Function: ① Improve production efficiency

② Triggered a series of inventions in the field of cotton textile production, and more and more advanced textile machines appeared

(2) Power engine: improved steam engine (Watt steam engine)

①In 1785, it was first put into use in the textile department

②Function

a. Greatly promoted the development of large-scale factory production

b. Bring mankind into the "steam age"

c. Promote the advancement of transportation tools

(3) Transportation tools

①Americans were the first to build steam-powered ships

②The birth of the train

Inventor: Stephenson (UK)

Date of invention: 1825

effect:

a. To promote the rapid development of railway transportation

b. It brings great convenience to people’s production and life

Influence

1.Economy

Material 1: The industrial revolution brought about amazing development of social productivity. Taking Britain as an example, from 1770 to 1840, the productivity of each worker increased by an average of 20 times...British raw cotton consumption increased from 52 million pounds in 1800 to 455.9 million pounds in 1840. Pig iron production was 25,000 tons in 1720 and increased to 13,940 tons in 1840.

Material 2: The first factories in Lancashire (British industrial city) all used child labor. In 1788, 142 cotton mills in the UK employed 25,000 child laborers, 31,000 female workers, and only 26,000 male workers. Child workers often work 14 to 18 hours in low-rise factories with closed doors and windows, and flying flowers often get into their lungs. They only have 40 minutes to eat, and 20 minutes to clean the machines. Fingers were broken, limbs were crushed, accidents happened one after another.

A worker recalled: "My father only earned 10 shillings and 6 pence a week, and my mother's primary school only earned 2 or 3 shillings. The income was very insufficient, and a 4-pound (equivalent to 1.8 kilogram) loaf of bread cost Sold for 1 shilling and 10 pence."

British industry, like a vampire, could only survive by sucking human blood - and the blood of children. ——Marx

2. Politics

It brought about earth-shaking changes in the face of society. After the Industrial Revolution, capitalism finally defeated feudalism.

What lessons does the Industrial Revolution teach us about creating such huge productivity?

Science and technology are the primary productive forces. To make the country prosperous and strong, we must vigorously develop science and technology.

1. The premise of the British Industrial Revolution is ( )

A. The establishment of bourgeois rule

B. Overseas trade and colonial plunder accumulated a large amount of capital

C. The enclosure movement provided a large amount of free labor

D. Market demand cannot be met

2. The completion mark of the industrial revolution is ( )

A. The employment relationship replaces the master-apprentice relationship

B. Manual workshop replaces manual workshop

C. Machine production replaces manual workshops

D. Rapid growth in production replaces slow growth

Read the following materials:

… Taking Britain as an example, from 1770 to 1840, the daily productivity of each worker increased by an average of 20 times. …British raw cotton consumption increased from 52 million pounds in 1800 to 455.9 million pounds in 1840. Pig iron production was 25,000 tons in 1720 and increased to 139,640 tons in 1840. Coal production was 2.6 million tons in 1790 and increased to 30 million tons in 1836. ——Excerpted from the second volume of "World History·Modern History" edited by Wu Yuxi and Qi Shirong

What problems do the above numbers reflect?

Answer: Productivity increased rapidly

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Entering the Modern Age of Steam", please click the "Entering the Modern Age of Steam" ppt tag.

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Update Time: 2024-11-13

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