"The historical turning point of Russia and Japan" The struggle of the proletariat and the strengthening of bourgeois rule PPT courseware 3

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"The historical turning point of Russia and Japan" The struggle of the proletariat and the strengthening of bourgeois rule PPT courseware 3

1. Russian serfdom reform in 1861

(1) Reasons

1. Feudal serfdom hindered the further development of Russian capitalism.

think?

What was the development of capitalism in Russia in the mid-19th century? Serfdom thus hindered its development?

(2) Content

Serfs were legally free persons, and landowners could not buy, sell or interfere with their lives;

When serfs were "liberated", they could get a piece of land, but they had to pay to redeem the land.

How do you evaluate the Russian serfdom reform of 1861?

Nature: It is a top-down bourgeois reform implemented by the tsar.

Role: Objectively promoted the development of Russian capitalism; it was a major turning point in Russia's modern history.

Limitations: The reform was not thorough, and a large number of feudal remnants were retained.

Japan's Meiji Restoration

1. Background:

(1) Crisis of shogunate rule

① In a closed and backward feudal country, the power of the emperor has fallen to the side, and the shogun has the real power.

② Western powers invaded and intensified domestic conflicts

③Some middle- and lower-level samurai advocated overthrowing the shogunate by force

(2) The shogunate was overthrown in 1868

How to evaluate Japan’s Meiji Restoration (influence) (progressivity, limitations)

Progressive

1. To gradually transform Japan from a closed-door feudal country into a capitalist country.

2. Getting rid of the fate of becoming a semi-colony was a major turning point in Japanese history.

limitation

3. After Japan became strong, it quickly embarked on the path of militarism of foreign aggression and expansion.

4. Retain a large number of feudal remnants

Interpretation of historical data

Material 1: Instead of waiting for the peasants to rise up and liberate themselves from the bottom up, it is better to liberate the peasants from the top down - a talk by Alexander II in March 1856

Please answer:

(1) In the material, what does "peasants rise up from the bottom up to liberate themselves" refer to? What does “liberating farmers from above” mean?

(2) From this, what can we see as the subjective purpose of Alexander II’s reforms?

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Update Time: 2024-09-27

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