"The historical turning point of Russia and Japan" The struggle of the proletariat and the strengthening of bourgeois rule PPT courseware 4

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"The historical turning point of Russia and Japan" The struggle of the proletariat and the strengthening of bourgeois rule PPT courseware 4

Review the past and learn the new

From the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century, which countries had established and consolidated bourgeois power?

UK, US, France

In the process of completing the historical transition of these three countries, wars broke out and violent methods were used. When the bourgeois regime was established and consolidated, because they were politically more advanced than the feudal system; they made many scientific and technological inventions; they became rich economically; people's living standards improved rapidly... they demonstrated all-round superiority. The trend of the capitalist era has formed, and all countries in the world will inevitably be involved.

1. Russian serfdom reform in 1861

Reforms of 1861 (Reforms of Serfdom or Reforms of Alexander II)

1. Reason: Feudal serfdom hindered the development of capitalism in Russia.

How do you evaluate the Russian serfdom reform of 1861?

① Nature: It is a top-down bourgeois reform implemented by the tsar;

②Function: Objectively promoted the development of Russian capitalism and was a major turning point in Russian history.

③Limitations: The reform was very incomplete and retained a large number of feudal remnants.

Japan's Meiji Restoration

1. Background:

(1) Crisis of shogunate rule (internal worries)

(2) Serious national crisis (foreign invasion)

(3) The shogunate was overthrown in 1868

Fundamental reason: The autocratic rule of the feudal shogunate hindered the development of Japan's capitalist economy (internal aggression)

External factors: Since 1853, the invasion of the United States has intensified social conflicts (external worries)

Prerequisite: The overthrow of the samurai class in Japan and the overthrow of the shogunate rule

Purpose: To enrich the country and strengthen the army, and develop capitalism

Think about it:

1. From what aspects did the reform measures of the Meiji Restoration start? What are the specific measures?

2. What role do these reform measures play?

3. What profound changes have occurred in Japanese society as a result of reform?

How to evaluate Japan’s Meiji Restoration (progressivity, limitations)

Progressiveness:

1. It set Japan on the path of developing capitalism and was a major turning point in Japanese history.

2. Escaped from the fate of becoming a semi-colonial country

limitation:

embarked on the path of militarism of foreign aggression and expansion

Preserve a large number of feudal remnants

Give it a try:

1. In the mid-19th century, the huge obstacle to the development of Russia’s capitalist economy was ( )

A. Foreign invasion b. division of country

C. Backward serfdom D. black slavery

2. In the mid-19th century, events that took the capitalist road to promote the development of the capitalist economy include ( )

①Meiji Restoration ②American Revolutionary War

③American Civil War ④Russian Reforms of 1861

A. ①②③ B. ①④

C. ①③④ D． ②④

3. Japan’s Meiji Restoration took many measures, among which one measure that best reflects the “development of capitalist economy” in this reform is ( )

A. Abolish feudal vassals and establish counties to strengthen centralization of power

B． Introduce Western technology and encourage the development of modern industry

C. Promote civilization and strive to develop education

D． Implement conscription and establish an "Imperial Army"

4. What the American Civil War, Russia’s 1861 Reform and Japan’s Meiji Restoration have in common is ( )

A. It's all plundering the peasants

B． They are all top-down reforms

C. All promote the development of capitalism

D． established a constitutional monarchy

Material 1: Serfs are legally "free persons"; landlords are no longer allowed to buy or sell serfs or interfere with their lives; when serfs are "liberated", they can get a piece of land, but they must pay to redeem the piece of land.

Material 2: Starting from New Year's Day in 1863, slavery in the rebel states was abolished and slaves were allowed to join the Northern Army as free people.

Please answer:

(1) What content of the law does Material 1 and Material 2 reflect?

Material 1: Russian Decree on the Abolition of Serfdom; Material 2 "Emancipation Proclamation"

(2) What are the similarities between these two laws? What impact has it had on the two countries?

Similarities: Serfs and black slaves gained their freedom.

① Russia accelerated the development of capitalism, which was a major turning point in its modern history.

② The United States abolished slavery, removing another major obstacle to the development of capitalism and creating conditions for rapid economic development in the future.

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

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