"Science and the Power of Thought" Brilliant Modern Culture PPT Courseware 2

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"Science and the Power of Thought" Brilliant Modern Culture PPT Courseware 2

Review the past and learn the new

1. "In terms of rights, people are born and always are free and equal. Law is an expression of public will, and all citizens have the right to participate in the formulation of laws." Which document from which country do these contents come from?

2. In the early bourgeois revolution, what similar documents were published by the United Kingdom and the United States?

learning target:

1. Understand the ideas and influence of French Enlightenment thinkers represented by Voltaire;

2. The outstanding achievements of British scientists Newton and Darwin, and the great contribution of Einstein’s theory of relativity

1. Ideological Enlightenment Movement

Ask students to look at the content of this sub-item and think about it:

1. What were the time and conditions for the rise of the Enlightenment Movement?

2. Who is the representative figure of the Enlightenment? What is their main point?

3. What was the impact of the European Enlightenment?

condition:

Material 1: In the 18th century, the shortcomings of the old French system gradually emerged. The feudal system became increasingly decadent, social conflicts intensified, and people complained.

Material 2: At the same time, as the capitalist economy developed, the bourgeoisie was dissatisfied with the autocracy of the monarchy and the corruption of the church, so it launched the Enlightenment Movement in the ideological world.

Voltaire

Main point of view: Destroy---attack the Catholic Church and oppose the feudal autocratic monarchy.

He compared the pope to a "bipedal beast", called the priests "civilized villains", and said that Catholicism was "the most shameful trap laid by some cunning people." He called on "everyone to fight the appalling religious fanaticism in his own way, some biting his ears; others stepping on his belly, and still others scolding him from a distance."

Li---advocating the rule of an enlightened monarch and emphasizing the freedom and equality of the bourgeoisie.

Rousseau

Main point of view: Denying the feudal royal power and believing that if the ruler violates public opinion and violates human rights, the people have the right to overthrow him.

"Social Contract Theory"

Montesquieu

Main proposition: clearly put forward the principle of separation of legislative power, judicial power and administrative power, and also advocate the theory of natural human rights.

The content of the Enlightenment (or the common ideological propositions of Enlightenment thinkers)

1. Criticize the feudal autocracy and the Catholic Church;

2. Promote bourgeois ideas of freedom and equality.

Nature: bourgeois ideological liberation movement

(3) The influence of the Enlightenment Movement

1. Enlightenment thought promoted people's ideological emancipation, provided strong support for the emerging bourgeoisie to replace the feudal aristocracy in politics, and promoted social progress in Europe;

2. At the same time, it promotes the ideological emancipation of China, Japan and other Asian countries.

What are the ideological emancipation movements in China’s modern history? What was their impact? What enlightenment have they given us?

The Reform Movement of 1898: It laid the foundation for the spread of bourgeois democratic ideas and played a role in ideological enlightenment in society.

Revolution of 1911: Deepening the concept of democracy and republic into the hearts of the people

New Culture Movement: Completely criticized feudal thought and laid the ideological foundation for the new democratic revolution

Enlightenment: The ideological emancipation movement will promote social progress.

Summarize the ideological emancipation movement in modern world history:

Bourgeois ideological emancipation movement: Renaissance Enlightenment

The scientific theory of the proletariat: Marxism

2. Scientific revolution

Ask students to look at the content of this sub-item and think about it:

1. What were the conditions for the development of science at that time?

2. Who were the prominent scientists in this process? What are their main contributions?

3. What impact did their discoveries have on the society at that time?

Material:

1. With the emergence and development of capitalism, people's minds have gradually been liberated from the shackles of religion and theology, and natural science has achieved great development.

2. Newton's great achievements in his life were inseparable from his diligent spirit. He often stayed up all night doing experiments, sometimes working in the laboratory for several weeks in a row.

Scientists discovered the impact on society at that time:

Newton's three laws have the greatest influence on the development of modern natural sciences

The publication of Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" caused a sensation in Europe and even the entire world, seriously shaking the foundation of theocratic rule.

The creation of Einstein's theory of relativity promoted the revolution of the entire physical theory and provided a theoretical basis for the invention and application of the atomic bomb, thus opening the door to the atomic age. The theory of relativity also reveals the dialectical relationship between space and time, and deepens people's understanding of matter and motion. It has important historical significance both in science and philosophy.

Outward training

As students of the new era, what can we learn from them?

Be diligent, have the courage to innovate, dare to practice, cultivate interest,

Bear social responsibility and be willing to contribute

1. Criticize the feudal autocracy and the Catholic Church;

2. Promote bourgeois ideas of freedom and equality.

Nature: bourgeois ideological liberation movement

Exercises (multiple choice questions)

The formulation of the United States Constitution in 1787 was mainly influenced by which of the following Enlightenment thinkers? ( )

A. Voltaire B. Rousseau C. Montesquieu

The Declaration of Human Rights mentions: "Law is an expression of public will, and all citizens have the right to participate in the formulation of laws." Who influenced this rule? ( )

A. Voltaire B. Rousseau C. Montesquieu

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Update Time: 2024-07-29

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