"Greek and Roman Classical Culture" PPT courseware download

"Greek and Roman Classical Culture" PPT courseware download

Part One: Learning Objectives

1. Know the names of "Homer's Epic" and famous sculptures in ancient Greece.

2. Understand the typical representatives and characteristics of ancient Greek and Roman architectural art.

3. Know the famous philosophers of ancient Greece and understand their philosophical views.

4. Master the formation of Roman law and understand the origin of the Gregorian calendar.

Greek and Roman classical culture PPT, part 2: literature and sculpture

1.Literature-Greek Mythology

Greek mythology, that is, all myths about the gods, heroes, nature and universe history of the ancient Greeks.

Greek mythology is the spiritual product of primitive clan society and the earliest literary form in Europe. It was produced approximately in the 8th century BC. It formed its basic scale based on the long-term oral transmission of ancient Greek aborigines and the use of myths from other countries that spread to Greece. It was later used in Homer's "Homeric Epic" and Hesiod. They were recorded in the "Theogony" and ancient Greek poetry, drama, history, philosophy and other works. Later generations organized them into the current ancient Greek mythology stories, which are divided into two parts: stories of gods and legends of heroes.

--"Homeric"

"Homer's Epic" is a precious literary heritage and the main document for understanding early Greek society.

Homer (approximately 9th century BC - 8th century BC), an ancient Greek blind poet. According to legend, it describes the Trojan War from the 12th to 11th centuries BC, as well as the ancient Greek long narrative masterpieces about maritime adventure stories - the epics "Iliad" and "Odyssey", which he compiled based on short folk songs. His masterpiece "Homer's Epic" has influenced Western religion, culture and ethics for a long time.

Both Homeric epics are divided into 24 volumes. "Homer's Epic" is written in iambic hexameter and is the culmination of ancient Greek oral literature. It is the greatest work of ancient Greece and the greatest work of Western literature. Western scholars use it as historical materials to study society and the Mycenaean civilization from the 11th century BC to the 9th century BC. "Homer's Epic" has important value in literature and art. It also provides future generations with many things worth studying in terms of history, geography, archaeology and folklore.

2.Sculpture

Features: Greek figure sculpture art has reached a state of perfection

Zeus is the god of gods in Greek mythology and the main god of Olympia. The Zeus statue built for worship is the largest indoor statue in the world. The Zeus Temple where the Zeus statue is located is the birthplace of the Olympic Games. The statue of Zeus in the Temple of Olympia is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

The Discus Thrower is one of the masterpieces of Greek sculpture. It is a bronze sculpture carved by the Greek sculptor Mylon around 450 BC. The original has been lost, and copies are now collected in the National Museum of Rome, the Terme Museum, and the Vatican Museum.

"Discus Thrower" is based on real-life sports competitions in Greece. The discus chosen for sculpture has a strong appeal of "drawing but not throwing" at the moment when the discus returns to its highest point and is about to be thrown. Although it is a static sculpture, the artist grasped the key link of transitioning from one state to another, achieving the effect of giving the audience a psychological "sense of movement". It became a model for later generations of artistic creation and also a research tool. Important information on ancient Greek sculpture.

1. Ancient Greek sculptures are all based on human subjects, which reflects the human-centered nature of ancient Greek sculptures.

2. Ancient Greek sculptures focused on expressing the health and strength of the body. Limbs and muscles are the parts that the sculpture focuses on, reflecting the aesthetic concepts of the ancient Greeks through a well-proportioned body.

Greek and Roman classical culture PPT, the third part: architectural art

The Parthenon is located in the center of the ancient castle on the Acropolis of Athens, the capital of the Greek Republic, on a limestone hill. It stands as a towering rectangular building. The temple stands on the highest point of the Acropolis.

The temple has gone through more than two thousand years of vicissitudes. Now the roof of the temple has collapsed, the statues are gone, and the reliefs are severely eroded. However, from the majestic colonnade, you can still see the grandeur of the temple back then.

The Parthenon, also translated as "Parthenon", is the most important main building of the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon is named after Athena. In terms of columns, the Parthenon adopts the Doric column style.

The Colosseum, formerly known as Flavius ​​Amphitheatre. It was a place dedicated to slave owners, nobles and free people in the ancient Roman Empire to watch beast fights or slave gladiatorial battles. Built between 72 and 80 AD, it is a symbol of ancient Roman civilization. The ruins are located in the center of Rome, the capital of Italy, south of Piazza Venezia and near the ancient Roman market.

From the outside, it is a perfect circle; when viewed from a bird's eye view, it is oval. It covers an area of ​​about 20,000 square meters and can accommodate nearly 90,000 spectators.

The walls of the Colosseum are divided into four layers. The first three layers are decorated with columns, which are Doric, Ionic and Corinthian columns, which are the three column types seen in ancient Athens. The Colosseum is world-famous for its majestic and unique shape.

Greek and Roman classical culture PPT, part 4: philosophy and law

The three wise men of ancient Greece?

The "Three Sages of Greece" are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates is Plato's teacher, and Plato is Aristotle's teacher. The extraordinary contributions made by the three of them in the fields of ancient Greek literature, art, and philosophy still influence the development direction of literature and art around the world.

Socrates (469 BC - 399 BC) was a citizen of Athens. According to records, he was finally sentenced to death by the Athenian court for introducing new gods and corrupting the minds of Athenian youth. One month after being thrown into prison, the seven-year-old philosopher sent his wife and children away, drank poison in front of all his disciples, and died calmly. He believes that people often make decisions based on feelings and emotions, and it is easy to act blindly, so the majority does not necessarily represent justice. He challenged Athenian majority democracy by demanding a different voice. Although he could escape, Socrates preferred to die for his beliefs.

Questions to ponder: Do you know how Chinese thinkers during this period understood the world?

For example, Laozi believes that all things operate according to their natural laws, and people should follow nature; everything in the world has its opposites, and the opposites can transform into each other.

Greek and Roman classical culture PPT, part 5: The origin of the Gregorian calendar

Read the textbook and complete the following table.

Source The Roman calendar is derived from the solar calendar of the ancient Egyptians.

Compilation Caesar ordered people to compile a new calendar based on the solar calendar, called the "Julian Calendar"

Content: In order to correct the error of nearly 6 hours per year, an adjustment is made by adding 1 day every 4 years. That is, every year that is divisible by 4 is a leap year, and 1 day is added in February.

Influence In the 4th century, the Pope used this as the Christian calendar. The Julian calendar later became the basis for the Gregorian calendar used today

Greek and Roman classical culture PPT, part six: knowledge expansion:

How does the Gregorian calendar reduce errors?

The number of days in each month of the Gregorian calendar is not exactly the same, which is actually a human result. The 365 days in a year were originally distributed like this: a single month has 31 days, an even month has 30 days, and only February has 29 days. The birthday of Caesar's heir Octavian was in August. He took one day from February and added it to August. As a result, February was reduced to 28 days, and August became a big month with 31 days. Eventually, the calendar system of "a single month before the seventh day and a double month after the seventh day" was formed.

When the Gregorian calendar was used until the 16th century, errors occurred again. So Pope Gregory XIII at that time reformed the leap system, that is, there is still a leap every four years, but there will be no leap in the year that is divisible by 100, and there will be no leap in the year that is divisible by 400. This way There are 97 leaps every 400 years, and the error is extremely small. Therefore, the common Gregorian calendar is also called the "Gregorian calendar".

What was the reason for the brilliant cultural achievements of ancient Greece and Rome?

1. A developed economy is the foundation for cultural prosperity.

2. The development of ocean transportation facilitates communication and absorbing the strengths of others.

3. People’s hard work is the source of culture.

4. Literati, artists, and scientists have painstakingly studied and summarized the people’s practices and achieved great achievements.

5. The promotion of democratic systems and the government’s emphasis on culture.

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"Greek and Roman Classical Culture" PPT download:

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"Greek and Roman Classical Culture" PPT courseware:

"Greek and Roman Classical Culture" PPT courseware Part One: New Lesson Introduction "Homer's Epic" is the collective name for the two epic poems "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" that are said to have been created by the blind ancient Greek poet Homer. Both epics are divided into 24 volumes, and the final...

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