"Ancient Mesopotamia" PPT download

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"Ancient Mesopotamia" PPT download

Part One: Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization

1. Why is it called “Fertile Crescent”? It was formed by the impact of which two rivers?

From the map, it looks like a crescent moon and the land is fertile. It is formed by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

2. Development history of the two river basins

(1) The emergence of countries. Starting from about 3500 BC, some small countries centered on cities gradually emerged in the southern part of the Mesopotamia region. The small countries continued to fight each other.

(2) National reunification: After the initial unification of the two river basins around 2100 BC, the two river basins were reunified several times, and suffered repeated external invasions and internal wars.

(3) The country is strong: During the ancient Babylonian Kingdom, Hammurabi established a unified and powerful slave country.

3. Civilization history of Mesopotamia civilization

Related achievements

astronomical calendar

In the Akkadian era, the Sumerians formulated a lunar calendar, using the moon's waxing and waning as the timing standard. Each month was set to have 29 or 30 days, and 12 months constituted one year (6 months equaled 29 days, 6 months (30 days), 354 days per year, and leap months are discovered, which are adjusted by setting leap months. At first, leaps were set based on experience. Later, there were provisions for three leaps in 8 years and ten leaps in 27 years. Divide the hour into 60 minutes. During the Assyrian period, the name of today's week and the rule of 7 days and 1 week were determined. In astronomy, we have been able to distinguish the stars and the five planets, and we have also observed the ecliptic.

math

Sumerian: Fractions, the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, decimal and hexadecimal;

Babylon: arithmetic, base 60, algebra, geometry;

Word

The Sumerians invented a hieroglyphic script that later developed into cuneiform. It is one of the oldest known human writings.

Ancient Mesopotamia PPT, Part 2: The Kingdom of Ancient Babylon

The ancient Kingdom of Babylon was originally a small country in the middle reaches of the Euphrates River. In the 18th century BC, when the sixth-generation king Hammurabi was on the throne, he adopted various strategies to defeat foreign countries, completed the unification of the entire middle and lower reaches of the Mesopotamia, and established a unified and powerful slave country. This was the period when the kingdom of Cuba was at its most powerful.

Hammurabi implemented an autocratic monarchy system, strengthened centralization of power, and also formulated a relatively systematic and complete code of law.

1. Purpose: To consolidate the rule of the slave-owning class.

2. Essence: safeguard the interests of the slave-owning class and strengthen the dictatorship of the slave-owning class.

3. Main content:

(1) Ancient Babylon was divided into three strict social classes: free people with civil rights, free people without public rights, and slaves.

(2) The slavery system was well developed in ancient Babylon, and family slavery was a major feature of ancient Babylon.

(3) There are many regulations on leasing, employment, exchange, lending, etc. in the code, indicating that the commodity economy was relatively active in ancient Babylon.

4. Value: It is a concentrated expression of the ancient civilization in the Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia, and is the first relatively complete written code of law handed down in human history.

The Code of Hammurabi is a precious cultural heritage left to mankind by the ancient Babylonian Kingdom, which shows that human society has a long-standing legal tradition.

Ancient Mesopotamia PPT, the third part: expansion and extension

Parts of the Code of Hammurabi:

Article 16: If a free man hides a fugitive slave from the court or a Mushchinnu (referring to a person from a conquered area) in his house and fails to hand it over, the head of the house shall be put to death.

Article 226: If a barber shaves off the slave's identification without informing his master, the barber shall have his fingers cut off.

Article 282: If a slave tells his master, "You are not my master," the master shall prove that he is his slave, and then the master may cut off his ears.

What is the essence of Hammurabi's Code?

Judging from the content of the code, he safeguarded the interests of the slave-owning class everywhere and strengthened the dictatorship of the slave-owning class. In a class society, law is the embodiment of the will of the ruling class and a tool for safeguarding state power.

Keywords: free download of history PPT courseware for the ninth grade of the People's Education Press, Volume 1, ancient Mesopotamia PPT download, .PPT format;

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"Ancient Mesopotamia" PPT courseware:

"Ancient Mesopotamia" PPT courseware Part 1: Consolidation and review: 1. Which major river basin did ancient Egyptian civilization originate from? 2. The time and landmark events of the rise and fall of the ancient Egyptian state (rise? unification? strength? destruction?) 3. What did ancient Egypt experience after its unification...

"Ancient Mesopotamia" PPT:

"Ancient Mesopotamia" PPT Part One Content: Teaching Objectives 1. Know the time and overview of the emergence of the ancient Mesopotamia countries; know the basic social conditions after the unification of the ancient Babylonian Kingdom. The writing in the ancient Mesopotamia was cuneiform. Understand the Code of Hammurabi...

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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