"Revolution of 1911" Exploration of Modernization PPT Courseware 3

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"Revolution of 1911" Exploration of Modernization PPT Courseware 3

1. Background of the Revolution of 1911

1. Reason: In the late Qing Dynasty, there was corruption and incompetence, the country was in crisis, the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898 failed; the Qing Dynasty was a Manchu dynasty, and anti-Qing consciousness among the people always existed.

2. Revolutionary faction: advocates the use of armed revolution to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, establish a democratic republic, and revitalize China.

3. Representative figure: Sun Yat-sen

Introduction: A native of Xiangshan, Guangdong. His real name was Sun Wen, and his courtesy name was Yixian. He once had the pseudonym Zhongshan Qiao, and was customarily called Sun Yat-sen. The pioneer of China's democratic revolution and the founder of the Republic of China is revered as the "Father of the Nation."

2. Preparation for the Revolution of 1911

1. Establish revolutionary organizations: revolutionary groups and revolutionary parties

①The first revolutionary group: Xingzhonghui

It was established in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1894, with the slogan of "revitalizing China".

②Revolutionary political party: China Alliance.

1905, established in Tokyo, Japan.

Revolutionary program: expel the Tartars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, and equalize land rights.

Leaders: Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Wang Zhaoming, etc.;

In 1912, the Tongmenghui was reorganized into the Kuomintang.

③Revolutionary newspaper: "Min Bao". In 1905, Sun Yat-sen summarized the revolutionary program of the Tongmenghui as the "Three People's Principles" in his speech published in Min Bao:

Nationalism: Overthrow the Qing Dynasty and achieve national equality (driving out the Tartars and restoring China);

Civil Rights: Abolish the autocratic monarchy and establish a democratic republic (the Republic of China);

People's Livelihood Principle: equal land rights, control of capital (equal land rights).

3. The Wuchang Uprising and the Establishment of the Republic of China

1. Wuchang Uprising: On October 10, 1911, under the planning of the revolutionaries, the Hubei New Army attacked the Governor's Office of Huguang, occupied three towns in Wuhan, and established the Hubei Military Government.

2. In response to the Wuchang Uprising, 14 southern provinces declared independence from the Qing Dynasty, and China was divided between north and south.

3. On New Year's Day, 1912, the Republic of China was established, and Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China. Nanjing is the capital and the five-color flag is the national flag; the Xuantong era name is abolished, the Republic of China era is adopted, and the Gregorian calendar is used.

4. On February 12, 1912, Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty issued an edict to abdicate, and the Qing Dynasty was destroyed.

5. In March 1912, Yuan Shikai took office as the interim president of the Republic of China in Beijing. The north and south of China were unified and the rule of the Beiyang warlords began. (1912-1927)

4. Evaluation of the Revolution of 1911

1. Historical achievements: overthrew the Qing Dynasty, ended more than 2,000 years of autocratic monarchy, and established the first democratic republic in Asia;

2. Defects: Without establishing a lasting and effective democratic republican system, China fell into political chaos and warlord separatism.

Exercise questions

1. The "Three People's Principles" advocated by Sun Yat-sen do not include ( )

A. Nationalism B. Civil rights

C. Democracy D. People's livelihood

2. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Revolution of 1911. A memorial hall for the Revolution of 1911 is planned to be built in a certain place to commemorate the anti-Qing uprising and other events first launched during the revolution. This location should be ( )

A. Beijing b. Guangzhou c. Nanjing D. Wuchang

Do the math:

1912 was the first year of the Republic of China, so how old was 1945?

Which year was the 38th year of the Republic of China?

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Update Time: 2024-09-28

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