"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (1)" PPT courseware

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"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (1)" PPT courseware

content standards

1. Know about Zhan Tianyou, Hou Debang and other important figures in modern science and technology and their achievements.

2. Understand the main ideas of Wei Yuan, Yan Fu and others.

Textbook analysis

1. The first railway built by the Chinese

2. Hou Debang who reveals the secret of alkali production

3. Thinkers who open their eyes to the world

1. The first railway built by the Chinese

Guess who he is? Zhan Tianyou

1. An outstanding railway engineer in modern China.

2. Presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.

3. He overcame various difficulties in construction and successfully completed the two difficult tunnel projects in Juyongguan and Badaling. To ensure driving safety, a "herringbone" track is designed to slow down the slope.

Zhan Tianyou his people

1. Known as the "Father of China's Railways" and "The Father of China's Engineering"

2. Zhan Tianyou, a native of Nanhai, Guangdong, is one of the first batch of Chinese young children studying abroad in the United States. He graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University. After graduating and returning to China, he built forts in Guangdong and drew my country's first nautical map. He presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou, Shanghai-Nanjing, Jinpu, Sichuan-Han, and Guangdong-Han railways. He is an outstanding engineering expert in our country and a pioneer in our country's modern science and technology circles.

3. Everyone learns and uses their knowledge to make the country prosperous and strong, free from foreign aggression, and able to stand on its own on the earth. ——Zhan Tianyou

think about it

What difficulties and obstacles did Zhan Tianyou encounter when presiding over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway? How did he solve it?

The difficulties Zhan Tianyou encountered at that time mainly came from two aspects:

First, some foreigners are creating public opinion and trying their best to obstruct it;

Second, the project is extremely difficult.

First, conduct an on-site survey to select the best route.

Secondly, dare to innovate and design a "herringbone"-shaped track in a dangerous location.

Third, speed up the progress and use the "shaft construction method" to dig tunnels.

Shaft construction method: When digging the Badaling Tunnel, Zhan Tianyou studied the "shaft construction method", that is, digging a shaft from the top of the mountain at the midpoint of the tunnel, and then digging from underground to both sides. In this way, four working surfaces can operate at the same time, which not only shortens the construction period, but also prevents gouge deviation.

"Herringbone" shaped track: When the train reaches the Qinglong Bridge area, it uses two locomotives, one pulling in front and one pushing behind. After reaching the intersection, push and pull in reverse.

2. Hou Debang who reveals the secret of alkali production

1. Produce soda ash and break the monopoly of the alkali industry in European and American countries;

2. Write the book "Alkali Production";

3. The cost is reduced by 40% compared to the European alkali production method.

A native of Fuzhou, Fujian, he is a pioneer in China's chemical industry. In 1913, he was recommended to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States and received a doctorate, becoming China's first doctor of chemistry. In 1926, he took charge of the production of "Red Triangle" brand soda ash. In 1939, he invented the "Hou's Alkali Making Method" and his works include "Soda Ash Manufacturing". He worked hard for the motherland's chemical industry throughout his life, held up the building of China's modern chemical industry, and was respected as a "national treasure."

Classroom training

1. "The Yi's special skills are threefold: firstly, battleships, secondly, firearms, and thirdly, the method of raising and training troops." This sentence comes from ( )

A. Yan Fu

B. Wei Yuan

C. Lin Zexu

D.Li Hongzhang

2. (2010 Guilin High School Entrance Examination) On October 13, 2008, the groundbreaking ceremony of the Guizhou-Guangzhou high-speed railway was held at the Gantang River Bridge site in Lingchuan County, Guilin. This is an important east-west railway artery in my country's high-speed railway network. The railway has a designed speed of 200 kilometers per hour. After completion, it will take less than three hours from Guangzhou to Guilin. It is a once-in-a-century development opportunity for Guilin. Do you know that the first railway line independently designed and built by the Chinese was ( )

A. Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway B． Beijing-Guangzhou Railway

C. Beijing-Baotou Railway D． Beijing-Shanghai Railway

3. After the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Yan Fu translated and narrated "On the Evolution of Heaven" by British biologist Huxley in order to alert the world. Progressive views promoted in the book ( )

A. Learn from the barbarians and learn skills to control the barbarians

B． The world will advance, and the future will be better than the present

C. Learn Western technology and practice industry to save the country

D． Oppose feudal ethics and promote democratic science

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Update Time: 2024-06-30

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Edition Eighth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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