"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (1)" PPT courseware 6

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"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (1)" PPT courseware 6

(1) Patriotic scientists who bring glory to the country

Zhan Tianyou - Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway (the first main railway line built by the Chinese)

Zhan Tianyou is from Nanhai, Guangdong. 1872. 12-year-old Zhan Tianyou passed the first batch of children studying in the United States. He later graduated from Yale University in Civil Engineering. After graduating and returning to China, he built forts in Guangdong and drew my country's first nautical map. He presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou, Shanghai-Nanjing, Jinpu, Sichuan-Han, and Guangdong-Han railways. He is an outstanding engineering expert in our country and a pioneer in our country's modern science and technology circles.

Analyze material and think about questions

Material 1: "United Dragon Lantern Conference of Various Countries" - At that time, newspapers published cartoons about China's railways being monopolized by foreign powers.

Material 2: When the news came out that the Qing government wanted to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Britain, which had the most influence in China, was determined to win. Tsarist Russia, which regarded the area north of the Great Wall as its sphere of influence, vowed not to give in. The two sides continued to argue, and finally reached an agreement: If the Qing government No foreign debt is needed, no foreign craftsmen are needed, the Chinese people will build this road by themselves, and neither side will lend a hand. In this way, the Qing government gave up the idea of ​​seeking help from foreigners and focused on self-study.

Material 3: The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway project is extremely difficult, especially the Juyongguan and Badaling areas are full of cliffs and steep slopes.

Material 4: In 1905, the Qing government appointed him as the chief engineer for the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. After the news that Zhan Tianyou presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway came out, the imperialists ridiculed that the Chinese engineers who would build this difficult railway "have not yet been born" and shouted, "The Chinese want to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway without relying on foreigners." Railway” “is a pipe dream”.

Material 5: Zhan Tianyou said: "Everyone learns from what he has learned, and everyone uses his knowledge to make the country prosperous and strong without foreign aggression, so that it can stand on its own on the earth."

think

(1) What problems do Materials 1 and 2 reflect?

(2) Contact Material 3 and explain why the imperialists in Material 4 ridiculed that engineers to build high-difficulty railways “have not yet been born” and that the Chinese people’s own construction of the (Beijing-Zhangjiakou) Railway is a “daydream”?

(3) Based on the famous sayings of Zhan Tianyou in the material five, talk about what kind of spirit we should learn from Zhan Tianyou?

Development of soda ash

(1) Time: 1920s

(2) Developer: Hou Debang

① Status: Famous chemist in my country. He is one of the founders of China's modern chemical industry and an authority in the world's alkali production industry.

② Achievement: Make soda ash. Wrote the book "Alkali Production". His alkali production method was named "Hou's alkali production method".

Material 1: In March 1877, after Yan Fu arrived in the UK... Although Yan Fu came to the UK with the purpose of learning naval knowledge, after arriving in the UK, what interested him was not Western military knowledge and technology, but capitalist society. political system and academic and cultural thoughts.

Material 2: Preface to "On the Evolution of Heaven": "Those who are born today turned to Western learning... to discuss state affairs and examine the enemy's own way of looking into the mirror, but it is definitely not better than this. Huxley's book The discussion is very similar to that of our ancients. Regarding the matter of strengthening the body and protecting the species, I have repeatedly expressed my sincere wishes."

Discuss and think

(1) What is the difference between Yan Fu’s study of the West and that of Wei Yuan reflected in Material 1?

(2) Based on the analysis of Material 2, under what circumstances did Yan Fu translate Tianyan Lun? What is his purpose in translating this book? What ideas does this book focus on?

Think about it:

(1) What are the main reasons why four celebrities, Zhan Tianyou, Hou Debang, Wei Yuan and Yan Fu, achieved great achievements?

(2) Why do they all advocate learning from the West?

(3) How to treat Western culture correctly?

Reference answer

(1) They all have lofty patriotism, strong sense of innovation, good moral character, and all learn from the West.

(2) The essence of "learning from the West" is to learn from the advanced. Only advanced culture can represent the direction of social development.

(3) Absorb the essence and eliminate the dross.

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Update Time: 2024-10-02

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