"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (1)" PPT courseware 7

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"Science, Technology and Ideology and Culture (1)" PPT courseware 7

1. The first railway built by the Chinese - Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway (1905-1909)

1. Designer: Zhan Tianyou

2. Difficulties faced: insufficient funds, shortage of machines, and weak technical force

3. Design plan: “herringbone” shaped track

4. Status: It is the first main railway line designed and built by the Chinese themselves.

think

1. Before Zhan Tianyou, did China have railways in modern times? What is its nature?

2. Railways were very common in the world in 1909. Why did China only have the first railway built by the Chinese themselves in 1909?

Because Chinese engineers are not trusted by people, before I was appointed to take up this job, and even after I took up the position, many foreigners publicly declared that it was impossible for Chinese engineers to take on such an arduous task... I turned my life into a creeping beast on the land of China. A railroad track... ——Zhan Tianyou’s letter to an American teacher

Think and explore:

1. What does “such an arduous task” in the material refer to?

2. What outstanding designs did Zhan Tianyou have when presiding over this task? What are the benefits of this design?

3. How do we evaluate Zhan Tianyou?

4. What spirit should we learn from Zhan Tianyou?

2. Hou Debang who reveals the secret of alkali production

Hou Debang (1890-1974), my country's outstanding patriotic scientist, one of the main founders of my country's modern chemical industry, and a world-recognized authority on the alkali production industry. A native of Minhou County, Fujian. Graduated from Shanghai Fujian-Anhui Railway School in 1910. Soon, he was admitted to the Tsinghua University Preparatory School in Beijing (the predecessor of Tsinghua University). In the graduation examination in 1913, he scored 1,000 points in 10 subjects, perfect scores in every subject, and created the miracle of Tsinghua University.

3. A thinker who opened his eyes to the world - Wei Yuan

1. Life period: Opium War period

2. Ideological proposition:

1. Set up factories, manufacture ships, guns, and establish civilian industries; learn Western military training methods and equip the army with new weapons.

2. Criticize the policy of isolation and get rid of the ignorant views of feudal die-hards who despise science and technology.

3. Representative work: "Pictures of the Sea Country"

Content: The system introduces the history and geography of Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States.

Purpose of writing: to learn from the barbarians and learn skills to control the barbarians

See who can find it faster

1. When did Yan Fu live? What is his claim?

2. Which of his translated works has the greatest influence? What ideas is stated in the book? What was the progressive significance of this view in China at that time?

3. "Natural selection, survival of the fittest" can you give an example?

The common reasons why Zhan Tianyou, Hou Debang, Wei Yuan and Yan Fu achieved great achievements

noble patriotism

Strong sense of innovation

good moral character

Easy navigation

1. The first main railway line designed and constructed by the Chinese was ( )

A. Yunnan-Vietnam Railway B． Tangxu Railway C. Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway D． Shanghai-Shanghai Railway

2. In the first half of the 20th century, the scientists who made outstanding contributions to the alkali production industry were ( )

A. Zhan Tianyou B. Li Siguang C. Hou Debang D． Mao Yisheng

3. The thinker who proposed "learning from the barbarians and developing skills to control the barbarians" is ( )

A. Lin Zexu B. Wei Yuan C. Yan Fu D. Kang Youwei

4. The works translated by Yan Fu are ( )

A "Pictures of Sea Kingdoms" B "Warnings of the Prosperous Age" C "Zhi of the Four Continents" D "Lun of Heavenly Evolution"

5. What Wei Yuan and Yan Fu’s claims have in common is ( )

A. Learn from the barbarians and learn skills to control the barbarians

B． Natural selection, survival of the fittest

C. Learn from the strengths of the West and change the current situation in China

D． Follow the example of the West and carry out reforms

Apply what you learn

Material 1: Learn from the barbarians and learn skills to control the barbarians

Material 2: Learning skills from foreigners to strengthen oneself

Material 3: To save the country, we can only imitate the West and carry out reforms

Please answer:

1. Whose claim is Material 1? What is one of the works he wrote?

2. Which faction advocates the second material?

3. Whose claim is material three? What is his translation? What factions share his views?

4. What do the three pieces of material have in common?

Teacher’s message:

Premier Zhou Enlai once said loudly: "Read for the rise of China"; Mr. Lu Xun also swore an oath: "I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood"; today, in our prime, we should shoulder the responsibility of revitalizing China and use our His sincerity and talent have written a glorious chapter in the annals of history.

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Update Time: 2024-11-13

This template belongs to History courseware People's Education Edition Eighth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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