"The Brilliant Song and Yuan Culture 1" The southward shift of the economic center of gravity and the development of ethnic relations PPT courseware 3

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"The Brilliant Song and Yuan Culture 1" The southward shift of the economic center of gravity and the development of ethnic relations PPT courseware 3

1. Application of printing technology

block printing

It is a technology that reversely engraves the words and images to be printed on a wooden board to make the words protrude, then applies ink on the words, lays paper, and applies pressure to transfer the images and texts on the wooden board to the paper. However, it is difficult to correct typos on the engraved wood board, and it can only be used once. The engraved layout requires a lot of labor and materials, but once it is printed, it shows the advantages of high efficiency and large printing volume.

Task one:

After the invention of engraving and printing, an engraver could only engrave forty or fifty characters a day. Now each person can engrave 50 characters a day. The history books used by everyone have a total of 150,000 words, and it takes one person nine years to engrave them.

What problems did you find through the data?

Task two:

During the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, the official engraving of the Tripitaka took 12 years and 130,000 blocks of engravings, consuming a lot of manpower and material resources. After printing, the piles of engraving plates are no longer useful, resulting in huge waste.

What are the disadvantages of block printing?

It is time-consuming, laborious and uneconomical, and it is difficult to correct typos. After the book is printed, the engraving is discarded.

Movable type printing - clay type

(Bi's movable type printing) If it only prints three or two copies, it is not simple; if it prints hundreds, hundreds, or thousands of copies, it is extremely fast. ——Shen Kuo: "Mengxi Bi Tan"\

Highlight two changing characters: changing dead characters into movable characters, and changing dead characters into movable characters, which is both economical and time-saving.

The four processes of movable type printing: engraving single characters, typesetting, printing, and disassembling

Wang Zhen of the Yuan Dynasty invented the wheel

The movable type is placed in the roulette wheel. During typesetting, people can sit next to the roulette wheel and turn the wheel to pick characters at will, which greatly improves the efficiency of typesetting.

2. The invention of the compass

The earliest compass instrument—Sinan during the Warring States Period

In the Northern Song Dynasty, a compass was made and began to be used in navigation.

Compasses in the Southern Song Dynasty were widely used in navigation

The compass was introduced to Europe through the Arabs in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Promoted the development of the world's maritime industry (significance)

3. The invention of gunpowder

The development stages of gunpowder:

In the late Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in military affairs

Firearms were widely used during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

Firearms were introduced to Arabia and Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries

What are the applications of gunpowder in life?

Thinking: Gunpowder is still widely used by humans. What impact has its invention had on the world?

4. Scientists during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

Shen Kuo and his "Mengxi Bi Tan"

1. Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote "__________", which recorded Bi Sheng's invention of movable type printing.

2. Shen Kuo created "__________", which was an advanced calendar at that time.

3. The name "______" was first used by Shen Kuo.

Guo Shoujing and his "Time-giving Calendar"

1. _____ Guo Shoujing is a famous _____ and ______

2. Guo Shoujing wrote "______", which determined that a year has 365.24 days, which is basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but it was established about _____ years earlier than the current Gregorian calendar.

3. He presided over the construction of _____ near Beijing

Classroom training

1. Francis Bacon said: "These three things have changed the face of the world. The first is literature, the second is war, and the third is navigation." The "third" here "species" refers to ( )

A. Compass b. Papermaking

C. Printing D. gunpowder

2. Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote in "Mengxi Bi Tan": "If you only print three or two sheets, it is not simple; if you print hundreds of thousands of copies, it is extremely fast." The "extreme speed" in the material is mainly due to ( )

A. The prosperity of urban commerce in the Northern Song Dynasty B. Major improvements in papermaking

C. The emergence of "Wazi" and "Washe" D. The invention of movable type printing

3. Dr. Joseph Needham, a famous British scholar, once said: "Whenever people look for any specific scientific and technological historical data in Chinese documents, they often find that its main focus is on the Song Dynasty." The major scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty in my country are ( )

①The invention of papermaking ②The invention of movable type printing

③Extensive use of compasses ④Extensive use of gunpowder

A. ①② B． ①③ C． ①②③ D． ②③④

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Update Time: 2024-07-04

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