"The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State" The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State and the Crisis of Society PPT Courseware 4

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"The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State" The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State and the Crisis of Society PPT Courseware 4

Review the past and learn the new

1. The national hero ______ in the early Qing Dynasty recovered Taiwan from the Dutch colonists.

2. In 1684, the Qing Dynasty established ______, which strengthened Taiwan’s connection with the mainland of the motherland and consolidated the motherland’s southeastern coastal defense.

3. The Qing Dynasty won the Battle of ______ and curbed Tsarist Russia’s aggression in the Heilongjiang Basin of my country.

4. China and Russia signed the "______", delimiting my country's eastern boundary.

Resist foreign aggression and defend borders

Qing Dynasty: Consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country—an internal perspective

1. Strengthen management of Tibet

2. Strengthen jurisdiction over Xinjiang

3. The territory of the Qing Dynasty

How did the Qing Dynasty strengthen its jurisdiction over Tibet?

1. Canonizing the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama

2. The establishment of a minister in Tibet and the establishment of his status and powers

3. Establish the "drawing lots from the golden urn" system

1. Strengthening the management of Tibet

1. Establish the system of canonizing the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama (Shunzhi and Kangxi periods)

2. Establish a minister in Tibet (1727, Yongzheng period)

In order to strengthen the management of Tibet, in the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727), the Qing Dynasty established a minister in Tibet who would be stationed in Tibet as a representative of the central government to assist the local government in handling government affairs. This further strengthened the affiliation between Tibetan localities and the central government.

In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1793), the "Imperial Regulations for the Rehabilitation of Tibet" approved and promulgated by the central government of the Qing Dynasty stipulated in detail the status and powers of the minister stationed in Tibet. It clearly stated that: the minister stationed in Tibet supervises the affairs of Tibet, and his status is the same as that of the Dalai Lama and the Dalai Lama. Panchen is equal. The reincarnation of the Dalai Lama must be supervised by the minister stationed in Tibet, and decided by drawing lots using gold benba bottles issued by the Qing Dynasty; the enthronement ceremonies of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama are also presided over by the minister stationed in Tibet. All civil and military officials, both large and small, below the level of the local government's Kalon (Governmental Affairs Councilor) are appointed by the central government through the selection process of the Minister in Tibet and the Dalai Lama.

What is the significance of the Qing government establishing the system of canonizing the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama and establishing ministers in Tibet?

Significance: The Qing government established the system for canonizing the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama. From then on, all Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas had to be canonized by the central government, thus greatly strengthening their jurisdiction over Tibet.

The Minister to Tibet represents the central government and jointly manages Tibet with the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama. This further strengthened the affiliation between Tibetan localities and the central government.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the relationship between Tibet and the central government

1. In the Tang Dynasty, Tibet was called Tubo. Princess Wencheng married Songtsen Gampo; Princess Jincheng married Chidaizhudan. Tang and Tibet formed an alliance and "contracted to become one family."

2. During the Yuan Dynasty, the Xuanzheng Yuan was established, and Tibet officially became an administrative region of the Yuan Dynasty.

3. During the Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi granted the fifth Dalai Lama the title of "Dalai Lama". Kangxi gave the fifth Panchen the title "Panchen Erdeni". In 1727, the minister of residence in Tibet was established, and in 1793, the system of drawing lots from the golden urn was established.

2. Strengthen jurisdiction over Xinjiang

Who can quickly find out the measures taken by the Qing Dynasty to strengthen its jurisdiction over Xinjiang?

(1) Put down the rebellion of Hezhuo and Xiaohe (Qianlong)

Set up General Yili (Qianlong)

(2) Properly resettle the Turgut tribe who returned to the motherland (Qianlong)

Why was the Qing army able to quell the Hezhuo rebellion? Are they right?

Because the Qing army's policy of only killing the culprits and not killing innocent people is very correct!

Because Hezhuo and Dazhuo engaged in separatist rule, brutally abused the Uyghur people, and lost the support of the people!

Practice: 1. Multiple choice questions:

1. The emperor who successively named the Tibetan Buddhist leaders as "Dalai Panchen" and "Panchen Erdeni" was

A. Nurhaci and Huang Taiji

B. Emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi

C. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong

D. Emperor Jiaqing and Emperor Daoguang

2. Who jointly managed Tibetan affairs with the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama on behalf of the central government of the Qing Dynasty

A. General Shengjing

B. General Yili

C. General Ulyasutai

D. Minister in Tibet

3. The Chinese nation is a great nation with cohesion and centripetal force. The movie "Heroes Returning from the East" tells the story of a minority group in my country during the Qing Dynasty who traveled thousands of miles and went through many dangers to return to their motherland. Could you please tell me who this minority group is?

A.Eastern Turks

B. Mongolian Turghut Tribe

C. Hui people

D.Tubo

2. Please summarize: What measures did the Qing Dynasty take in the early stage to maintain the unification of a multi-ethnic country?

1. Unify Taiwan and establish Taiwan Prefecture.

2. Fight against Tsarist Russia: Battle of Yaksa; signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk between China and Russia.

3. Strengthen the management of Tibet: canonize the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama; establish ministers in Tibet.

4. Strengthen the jurisdiction over Xinjiang: quell the rebellions of Hezhuo and Xiaohezhuo; establish General Ili; Turgut returns to the motherland.

Class exercises

Solid foundation:

1. In the early Qing Dynasty, the person who received the fifth Dalai Lama and formally conferred the title of "Dalai Lama" was ( )

A.Emperor Shunzhi B.Emperor Kangxi C.Emperor Yongzheng D.Emperor Qianlong

2. In 1690, the Junggar tribe invaded Inner Mongolia. Which country did it receive support? ( )

A.Britain B.France C.Tsarist Russia D.Netherlands

3. The person who jointly manages Tibet with the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama on behalf of the central government is ( )

A. Protector of the Western Regions B. Protector of Beiting C. Protector of Anxi D. Minister in Tibet

Kangxi's contribution

1. Lead the Battle of Yaksa, sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk between China and Russia, and fight against the invasion of Tsarist Russia;

2. Kangxi unified Taiwan and established the Taiwan Prefecture, reunifying Taiwan under the central power of the Qing Dynasty;

3. Put down the Junggar rebellion, appoint General Ulia Sutai, and strengthen jurisdiction over Mongolia;

4. Canonize the fifth Panchen Lama as "Panchen Erdeni" to strengthen jurisdiction over Tibet;

5. During his reign, the "prosperity of Kangxi and Qianlong" appeared.

Yongzheng's contribution

1. With the establishment of a military aircraft department, the monarch’s centralization of power reaches its peak;

2. Establish a minister in Tibet to strengthen jurisdiction over Tibet;

3. During his reign, the prosperous times of Kangxi and Qianlong appeared.

Qianlong's contribution

1. Put down the large and small Hezhuo rebellions, establish General Yili, and strengthen the jurisdiction over Xinjiang;

2. Formulate a system of drawing lots from the golden urn to strengthen jurisdiction over Tibet;

3. Met with ethnic minority leaders at the summer resort, united the upper echelons of ethnic minorities, and strengthened ties between the central government and surrounding ethnic minorities;

4. Organized and compiled the "Sikuquanshu", the largest book series in the world at that time; during his reign, the "Kangxi and Qianlong Dynasties" appeared.

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"Consolidation and Development of a Unified Multi-Ethnic State" PPT:

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Update Time: 2024-10-03

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