"The Strengthening of Monarchy in the Ming Dynasty" The consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country and the crisis of society PPT courseware 2

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"The Strengthening of Monarchy in the Ming Dynasty" The consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country and the crisis of society PPT courseware 2

【Self-learning】

(I study, I am happy; I think, I gain!)

1. What measures did Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty take to strengthen his monarchy?

2. Is "eight-legged writing" a good thing or a bad thing? How should we evaluate "eight-legged writing"?

3. How did Zhu Di further strengthen his monarchy when he came to power?

1. The establishment of the Ming Dynasty

Time: 1368

Founder: Zhu Yuanzhang (Taizu of Ming Dynasty)

Capital: Yingtian (now Nanjing)

Thinking: Who else was the founding emperor who participated in the peasant uprising like Zhu Yuanzhang?

Ming Taizu strengthened the monarchy

The first objective of independent study is to find out the measures taken by Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang to strengthen his monarchy?

1. Reform the administrative institutions and strengthen the power of the monarch.

In local areas, abolish ______, establish ______, and take charge of ______, ______, ______;

In the central government, ______ is abolished, ______ is abolished, and ______ is in charge of government affairs and is directly responsible to ______.

2. Establish a secret service agency: authorize ______, and also manage ______ and ______ to the subjects, and be commanded by ______.

3. Eight-part essay selection: In order to select officials who will obey the emperor, they are only allowed to write propositions within the scope of the Four Books and Five Classics and are not allowed to express their own opinions; the literary style must be divided into eight parts.

Jinyiwei: Your Majesty, this is what happened at the banquet hosted by Scholar Song’s family last night. (Give the picture to the eunuch and hand it to the emperor)

Zhu Yuanzhang: Song Aiqing, I heard that you had a banquet with distinguished guests last night. Who did you invite?

Song Lian (surprised expression): Does the emperor know (softly)? Thank you for your concern. Yesterday, I got together with a few friends, including Bachelor Wang, Li Shangshu, and Minister Zhang.

Zhu Yuanzhang: What delicious dishes have you eaten?

Song Lian: Your Majesty, there are sweet and sour carp, Kung Pao chicken, Sixi meatballs, shredded pork with Beijing sauce, braised eggplant and shredded sweet potato.

Zhu Yuanzhang: Very good. You did not deceive me. You are my loyal minister. I am relieved that you will assist me (smiling). Someone, show this picture to Mr. Song.

Eunuch: Yes. (Show the picture to Song Lian)

Song Lian (took the picture, stretched out his hand to wipe his sweat, and whispered): It’s so dangerous, Jin Yiwei is so pervasive.

Everyone expresses his or her own opinion

Is "eight-legged writing" a good thing or a bad thing? How should we evaluate "eight-legged writing"?

Positive impact: From the perspective of the examination system, the Ming Dynasty used the eight-part essay examination method to make the examination more standardized and increase the objectivity of the examination standards, which also has reference significance for future examination systems.

Negative impact: It has a constraining effect on people's thoughts, stifles the creative thinking of many talents, and encourages the bad study style of studying rote books without paying attention to practical knowledge in order to become an official. It has caused great obstacles to the development of China's ideology, culture, science and technology.

Both sides have their points. If we only look at the examination system, the Ming Dynasty's method of using eight-part essay examinations was the result of standardized examinations, which increased the objectivity of examination standards and also has reference significance for future examination systems. This is indeed an improvement in the civil service examination system. However, because various regulations are too rigid and rigid, the style restricts the expression of content. In addition, the narrow content of propositions also has the effect of constraining thinking. In particular, Confucian scholars regard taking exams to serve as officials as the ultimate goal of their studies. They only know how to study the "Four Books and Five Classics" and study eight-part essays instead of practical knowledge. This deviates from the original intention of the exams and corrupts the style of study.

2. Battle of Jingnan and moving the capital to Beijing

After the death of Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Jianwen listened to the advice of his ministers and implemented the policy of reducing vassals.

Battle of Jingnan

In 1399, King Zhu Di of Yan raised the banner of "Jingnan" and raised troops against Emperor Jianwen, which was known as the "Battle of Jingnan" in history.

After Zhu Di became emperor, he became the founder of Ming Dynasty.

The main measures taken by Ming Chengzu:

1. Change Peking to Beijing and move the capital to Beijing (1421)

2. Further strengthen the monarch’s power and continue to implement the policy of reducing vassal states

3. Add the East Factory of the spy agency

Challenge yourself

1. When did Zhu Yuanzhang establish the Ming Dynasty ( )

A.1356 B.1368 C.1644 D.1646

2. The dynasties in which the prime minister system was implemented and abolished in ancient my country were ( )

A. Qin Dynasty and Ming Dynasty B. Western Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty

C. Qin Dynasty and Northern Song Dynasty D. Warring States and Ming Dynasty

3. The person who seized the throne by launching the "Battle of Jingnan" was ( )

A.Ming Taizu B.Zhu Di C.Ming Yingzong D.Zhu Sheng

4. The prime minister system in China was abolished ( )

A. Yuan Dynasty B. Ming Dynasty C. Qing Dynasty D. Song Dynasty

5. The harm caused by the stereotyped writing of scholars in the Ming Dynasty included ( )

①Hindering the development of science and technology in China

②Hindered the progress of Chinese ideology and culture

③Most of those who passed the examination and became officials became loyal servants of the emperor.

④Increases the objectivity of examination standards

A, ① ② ③ B, ② ③ ④ C, ① ② ④ D, ① ② ③ ④

6. If you are a local official in the Ming Dynasty and want to go to Beijing to see Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, you should go to ( )

A.Nanjing B.Beijing C.Xi'an D.Luoyang

7. The Ming government stipulated that the scope of the imperial examination was ( )

A.Poetry B.Three Links and Four Histories C.The First Four Histories D.Four Books and Five Classics

8. The secret service established by Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty is ( )

A.Dongchang B.Xichang C.Jinyiwei D.Cabinet

9. The ancient city of Beijing we see now was built during the reign of which of the following emperors ( )

A. Zhu Yuanzhang B. Zhu Di C. Emperor Jianwen D. Emperor Chongzhen

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Update Time: 2024-08-15

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