"Economic Development and Seclusion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic Country and Social Crisis PPT Courseware 2

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"Economic Development and Seclusion in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic Country and Social Crisis PPT Courseware 2

Please summarize: What measures did the Qing Dynasty take in the early period to maintain a unified multi-ethnic country?

1. Qianlong put down the rebellions of Hezhuo and Xiaohezhuo and established General Yili.

2. Canonize the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama, and establish ministers in Tibet.

3. The Turgut tribe returned to their motherland.

4. Resist foreign aggression. (Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan; Kangxi organized Yaksa counterattack twice)

learning target

1. The performance of economic development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties;

2. Production relations of a capitalist nature;

3. The policy of "closing the country away".

Difficulty: the concept of “the germ of capitalism”.

1. Economic development during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

1. Agriculture: Introduction of high-yielding crops

Peanuts are native to South America. It was introduced into my country in the 15th and 16th centuries. In fact, peanut cultivation in my country has a history of four thousand years.

Sunflower, native to North America. It was introduced to my country from Southeast Asia around the 17th century.

Sweet potato is native to the American continent. Originally introduced to Europe and Southeast Asia (Columbus). It was introduced into my country during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.

What is the significance of introducing crops?

1. Greatly enriched the varieties of crops in our country.

2. Increase food production.

3. Improve dietary structure.

4. Provide more raw materials for the development of handicraft industry and promote the progress of handicraft industry.

2. Handicraft industry: advanced skills

The cotton textile industry was pushed from the south to the north during the Ming Dynasty, and a number of cotton textile industry bases emerged in both the north and the south.

Silk weaving industry

Suzhou was the center of the silk weaving industry in the Ming Dynasty

Nanjing's silk weaving industry catches up from behind

In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 30,000 looms

Porcelain industry

Jingdezhen is the porcelain making center in the country.

Yun brocade is the noblest kind of silk, and it is said that "every inch of brocade is worth every inch."

Yun brocade was a royal item used by the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties set up a weaving mansion in Jiangning (Nanjing).

Cao Xueqin, the author of "Dream of Red Mansions", had three generations and four ancestors working in Jiangning Zhizao Mansion for 65 years.

3. Business: The commodity economy is unprecedentedly active

What were the specific manifestations of the active commodity economy during the Ming and Qing Dynasties?

(1) The prosperity of commercial cities: Beijing and Nanjing are national commercial cities.

(2) Many wealthy people are actively engaged in business activities and promote the development of commerce.

(3) In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the variety of commodities increased: more than 200 kinds of agricultural products and handicrafts were put on the market

4. The emergence of capitalist production relations

What is the difference between a machine owner and a landlord?

Jihu: They were early capitalists who owned the means of production and funds. They opened machine rooms (early manual workshops) and relied on hiring machinists (early wage workers) to produce, and they exploited wage workers.

Feudal landlords: occupy large amounts of land and make a living by exploiting peasants.

2. The “closed-door” policy

Why did the rulers of the Qing Dynasty implement the policy of "closing the country apart"? What are the specific performances? What impact has it had?

(1) Reasons: A. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty adhered to the policy of "taking agriculture as the basis, focusing on agriculture and suppressing business". B. The self-sufficient feudal economic stability prevented people from having too many interactions with the outside world. C. The Qing rulers regarded themselves as a great power in the Celestial Empire, and their stubbornness seriously affected China's progress. D. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty were worried that the country's territorial sovereignty would be invaded by foreign countries, and they were afraid that coastal people would interact with foreigners and endanger their rule.

(2) Specific performance (process):

A. Coastal people are strictly prohibited from going out to sea to trade without authorization.

B. Only four ports were opened and then reduced to one port in Guangzhou as a foreign trade port.

C. Strictly restrict the types of imports and the carrying capacity of ships going to sea.

3. Impact:

The Qing government's policy of seclusion lasted for nearly 200 years. Positive impact: It played a certain role in self-defense against the aggressive activities of Western colonists.

Negative impact: However, being isolated from the world, unable to see changes in the world situation, and failing to learn advanced scientific knowledge and production technology from the West in a timely manner, China has gradually fallen behind in the world.

1. Among the following things, which one is in the correct order when they were introduced to China ( )

①Corn, sweet potato ②Champa rice ③Hu Xuanwu ④Alfalfa, grape

A. ① ② ④ ③ B. ② ③ ④ ① C. ① ② ③ ④ D. ④ ③ ② ①

2. The origin of peanuts, sunflowers, potatoes and other crops is ( )

A. Western Regions B. Western Ocean C. Eastern Ocean D. South America

3. The area where capitalism sprouted in the middle and late Ming Dynasty appeared in ( )

A. Shanxi region B. Southern Anhui region C. Suzhou and Songjiang regions D. Southeast coast

4. The basis for judging the emergence of capitalism in the middle and late Ming Dynasty is ( )

A. The level of handicraft industry exceeds that of previous generations B. Commodity economy develops and foreign trade expands

C. Increase in handicraft workshops D. The emergence of the production method of employment and employment of "machine households contribute capital and machine workers contribute"

5. The foreign policy of the Qing Dynasty in the early 40 years was ( )

A. Strict sea ban policy, people are not allowed to go to sea for trade without authorization B. The four ports are open to foreign trade, but there are strict restrictions

C. Guangzhou has one port for trade, and the Thirteen Banks manage foreign trade. D. Domestic reform and opening up to the outside world.

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Update Time: 2024-11-17

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