"The Culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties with Distinctive Characteristics of the Era I" The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic Country and the Crisis of Society PPT Courseware 3

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"The Culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties with Distinctive Characteristics of the Era I" The Consolidation of a Unified Multi-Ethnic Country and the Crisis of Society PPT Courseware 3

1. The majestic Forbidden City and the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty in Beijing

The city of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty had a strict layout and was divided into four parts: the outer city, the inner city, the imperial city and the palace city (the Forbidden City). The center of Beijing is the Forbidden City, where the imperial palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were located.

Forbidden City

In the center of Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City, it was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, where 24 emperors lived. It is now the Palace Museum.

Meridian Gate

A middle road from the Meridian Gate, the Three Main Halls, and the Back Three Palaces to the Qin'an Hall and Shenwu Gate in the Imperial Garden forms the central axis of the entire Forbidden City. This central axis is on the central axis of Beijing City. On both sides of the palace on the central axis of the Forbidden City, there are many palaces symmetrically distributed, all of which are magnificent and magnificent. The four corners of the Forbidden City have exquisite turrets, the so-called "nine beams and eighteen pillars", which are extremely beautiful.

The role of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty:

Historically, it has defended against the intrusion of northern ethnic minorities and ensured the peace of life and safety of life and property of the people in northern my country;

It reflects the great achievements of ancient my country's construction engineering technology and shows the strong perseverance and ingenuity of the ancient working people;

It embodies the strategic thinking of active defense formed by China since ancient times.

The Great Wall is a historical monument built by the working people of ancient my country with their blood, sweat and wisdom.

What are the similarities and differences between the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty and the Great Wall of Qin Dynasty?

Similarities: The Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall to resist the attack of the Xiongnu, and the Ming Dynasty built the Great Wall to defend against the attacks of the northern minorities (mainly Mongolia).

Differences: The Ming Great Wall is longer, starting from Jiayuguan in the west to Shanhaiguan in the east, while the Qin Great Wall starts from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east.

Differences: Most of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty was made of stone. The construction was solid and well preserved. Some sections of the Qin Great Wall were made of rammed earth.

2. The emergence of classical scientific and technological masterpieces

Li Shizhen (1518-1593), a medical scientist and pharmacologist in the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name is Dongbi and the nickname is Binghu. He was from Qizhou (now Qichun, Hubei Province). Practicing medicine for generations. When he was about 30 years old, he was recommended to work at the Imperial Hospital in Beijing. He studies pharmacy and attaches great importance to clinical practice. He went to the mountains to collect medicines for a long time, went deep into the folk, traveled all over the country, collected a large number of folk prescriptions, and referred to more than 800 medicines and related books of the past dynasties to identify and verify the medicines. He systematically sorted out my country's rich medical heritage before the 16th century. After 27 Compendium of Materia Medica was written in 2001.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the late period of my country's feudal society.

Politically: The rule of feudal absolutism is further strengthened, and the feudal system is declining. (It strengthens the centralized system of monarchy and strengthens ideological rule.)

Economically: The commodity economy developed rapidly, giving birth to the buds of capitalist production relations; however, it was severely hindered by feudal autocratic rule and developed slowly.

In terms of ethnic relations: the central government has strengthened its rule over border areas, and the unified multi-ethnic country has been consolidated and developed.

In terms of foreign relations: exchanges were once frequent, and large-scale anti-aggression wars consolidated the country's rule.

"Compendium of Materia Medica"

Author: Li Shizhen

Time of writing: Ming Dynasty

Content: A total of 1,892 kinds of drugs are included, 374 kinds of newly added drugs are included, and 11,096 prescriptions are attached. Comprehensive summary of Chinese medicine before the 16th century.

Status: It is the largest and richest pharmacological masterpiece in ancient my country, and has become an important document of medicine in the world.

Why was Li Shizhen able to write the pharmacological masterpiece "Compendium of Materia Medica"?

Family influence; diligent study and study of medical books; humbly asking for advice; focus on experimental research; tenacious perseverance and perseverance.

think about it

What is the purpose of Western missionaries coming to our country? What are the objective impacts?

Purpose: To preach, cultivate people's faith in God, incorporate our country into the so-called "gospel" land, and at the same time cooperate with European colonists in their eastward expansion.

Objective impact: While preaching, he also introduced many Western sciences and technologies such as mathematics, geography, astronomy, and cultural knowledge such as philosophy and art into China, which played an important role in China's scientific and technological progress and academic development.

What were the reasons for the achievements of scientists during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? What good qualities can you learn from them?

Objective reasons: The commodity economy developed in the late Ming Dynasty, which provided good soil for the development of science and technology.

Subjective reasons: scientists’ own unremitting efforts.

Excellent qualities: Study with humility, study hard, carry out field investigations, think independently, dare to question and other excellent qualities.

Class exercises

Solid foundation

1. The book known as "Encyclopedia of Chinese Crafts in the 17th Century" abroad is ( )

A. "Essentials for Elevating the People" B. "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration"

C. "Tiangong Kaiwu" D. "Compendium of Materia Medica"

2. What the three scientists Li Shizhen, Xu Guangqi and Song Yingxing have in common are ( )

①Study diligently and pay attention to field inspections ②Extensive knowledge and broad vision

③The representative work is a summary of scientific and technological works. ④It has had a profound impact on the development of natural sciences in the world.

A. ①②③④ B. ①②③ C. ②③④ D. ①②

Improve ability

Reading materials: He communicated with missionaries such as Matteo Ricci and jointly translated Euclid's "Elements of Geometry". The Complete Book of Agricultural Affairs compiled by him has a total of more than 500,000 words, which occupies an important position in the history of agriculture. It is the earliest book in the history of agriculture in my country to spread modern Western scientific knowledge.

①Who is "he" in the material?

②Which country was Matteo Ricci a missionary? What impact did the arrival of foreign missionaries in China have on our country?

③Why is "The Complete Book of Agricultural Affairs" the earliest book to spread modern Western scientific knowledge in the history of agriculture in my country?

Extend and expand

What are the characteristics of my country's scientific and technological development during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? Why did the development of natural science lag behind the world during this period?

Features: Traditional science and technology still leads the world.

Mainly summary works.

Innovations and inventions in natural science lag behind the world.

Reasons: The feudal economy restricted the development of the commodity economy and could not provide a strong driving force for the development of science and technology; the implementation of cultural autocracy, stereotyped recruitment of scholars, and literary inquisition separated intellectuals from production reality, which was not conducive to the research and development of natural sciences; the implementation of a closed-door policy hindered the development of science and technology. The exchange of Eastern and Western cultures has caused China to lose the conditions for attracting advanced foreign science and technology and culture.

Keywords: teaching courseware on the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic country and the crisis of society, teaching courseware on the culture of the Ming and Qing dynasties with distinctive characteristics of the times, PPT courseware on the history of the second volume of the seventh grade of the New People's Education Edition, download of the history slide courseware for the seventh grade, unification and more The consolidation of the nation-state and the crisis of society PPT courseware download, the Ming and Qing culture with distinctive characteristics of the times PPT courseware download, .ppt format

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Update Time: 2024-11-23

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