"Science and Technology and Sino-foreign Communications in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT

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"Science and Technology and Sino-foreign Communications in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT

Part One: The invention of movable type printing

1. The development of printing

my country invented engraving printing during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which promoted the development of culture. During the Liao, Song, Xixia, and Jin dynasties, engraving of books was very popular, and engraving and printing technology further developed. However, woodblock printing and engraving are labor-intensive and time-consuming, and the carved plates can only print one kind of book. Based on years of exploration, the printing technology of the Song Dynasty made a new breakthrough, which was the advent of movable type printing.

2. The invention of movable type printing

Movable type printing was invented by Bi X, a craftsman in the Northern Song Dynasty. He carved characters in clay and then fired them with fire to harden the characters.

When making plate, sprinkle rosin, paraffin, paper ash, etc. on an iron plate with a frame around it. Arrange the burned character molds on the iron plate. Use fire to melt the rosin in the iron plate and flatten the character plate. , so that the book can be printed. After printing, the rosin is melted and the clay characters are separated, and then typesetting can be done again.

After that, skilled craftsmen invented wooden movable type. In the Yuan Dynasty, the famous scientist Wang Zhen made a systematic summary of the wooden movable type technology in "Nongshu" and made some innovations, and invented the wheel typesetting method. In the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, copper movable type printing appeared.

3. Spread of movable type printing

Movable type printing had a significant impact on the development of human civilization. In the 13th century, movable type printing was introduced to Korea, then to Japan and Southeast Asia, then to Persia via the Silk Road, and later to Europe through the Mongols' Western Expeditions.

Technology and Chinese and Foreign Communications in the Song and Yuan Dynasties PPT, Part 2: Application of Compass and Gunpowder

1. Application of compass

Ancient China recognized the properties of magnet guides very early. During the Han Dynasty, people used natural magnets to make guide tools, called "Sinan". Sinan is shaped like a spoon and is placed on a copper square plate with 24 directions around it. Sinan rotates in the smooth disk, and when it stops, the handle of the key points south.

In the Song Dynasty, artificial magnets began to be used to make guide tools. People place a magnetic steel needle on the edge of the bowl, or hang the needle with a thread, so that the steel needle can flexibly point south. Later, people placed this magnetic steel needle in a plate engraved with degrees, so a compass was made. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, compasses began to be used on Chinese ships. Arab merchants on Chinese ships spread the compass to Arab countries and later to Europe, which greatly promoted the development of ocean navigation technology in the world.

2. Application of gunpowder

During the Tang Dynasty, the Chinese had invented gunpowder. By the Song Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military field. At that time, people mainly used the properties of gunpowder to make explosive weapons, or to make tubular firearms. During the Song-Jin war, the Song army used firearms, and the Jin people learned to make and use gunpowder weapons from the Song people.

The Mongols also used a large number of firearms in their wars to destroy the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty also used metal barrels instead of bamboo barrels and invented the fire gun, which was more powerful than the previous fire guns.

Chinese gunpowder and fireworks were introduced to the Arab region in the 13th century, and then spread to Europe through the Arabs in the early 14th century. After the gunpowder and firearms invented in China were introduced to Europe, they had a huge impact on Europe's firearms manufacturing and combat methods, and promoted changes in European society.

Technology and Sino-foreign transportation in the Song and Yuan Dynasties PPT, Part 3: Developed Sino-foreign transportation

1. Sino-foreign communication during the Song and Yuan Dynasties

Compared with previous generations, Sino-foreign communication developed greatly during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Due to the advancement of navigation technology in the Song Dynasty, maritime trade in the south was frequent and sea transportation developed. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the scope of land and sea transportation further expanded, creating a new situation in Sino-foreign transportation.

2. Land transportation

The famous land Silk Road in ancient times became an important transportation route to the West during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Post stations were relatively developed in the Song Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty ruled a vast area. In order to strengthen connections with other places, a land transportation network covering the whole country was built, and post stations extending in all directions were established. The land routes of the Yuan Dynasty led westward to European countries such as Persia, Arabia, and Russia, making it very convenient for envoys and merchants from the East and the West to communicate.

3.Sea transportation

Shipbuilding and navigation technology developed greatly during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In addition to using compasses, Chinese navigators also initially grasped the laws of tides, trade winds, and meteorology. At that time, maritime transportation was developed and overseas trade was prosperous. The sea routes of the Song Dynasty formed many routes, leading to countries and regions such as Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, and Arabia, and as far away as the Persian Gulf and the coast of East Africa.

During the Yuan Dynasty, the scope of maritime traffic expanded further, and the Maritime Silk Road entered its heyday. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of merchant ships traveled regularly between China and Arabia, Persia and East Africa. During the Song Dynasty, there were fifty or sixty countries and regions that had trade relations with China, and during the Yuan Dynasty, the number reached more than 140.

4. Sino-foreign economic, cultural and scientific and technological exchanges

The smooth flow of land and sea transportation has further developed the economic, cultural and scientific and technological exchanges between China and foreign countries. China's inventions, such as printing, gunpowder, compasses, paper money, and the station system, were exported to the West. Astronomy, calendar, agriculture, and handicraft production technologies were spread to Asian countries, playing an important role in the social and economic development of Eurasian countries. Western medicine, astronomy, calendar, mathematics, etc. were also introduced to China. Foreign science, technology and culture were valued in the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty established institutions such as the Huihui Si Tianjian and the Huihui Medicine Institute in the central government. Scientific and technological talents in astronomy, calendaring, medicine and other fields from the Islamic region were reused by the imperial court.

Technology and Chinese and foreign transportation in the Song and Yuan Dynasties PPT, Part 4: After-school activities

1. Read the material and answer the questions.

Bacon, the famous British philosopher in the 17th century, wrote in Chapter 13 of Volume 1 of his book "New Tools": "Printing, gunpowder and magnets are known to the world. The human world has been changed by these three inventions. . First in academics, secondly in war, and finally in navigation, which led to countless changes. As a result, human civilization has also developed greatly."

Based on Bacon's comments, let's talk about the important contributions that ancient China's major inventions such as printing, gunpowder, and the compass made to the development of world civilization.

2. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were "express delivery shops" at some distance along the post road. After receiving the urgent document, the deliveryman rides a fast horse and travels day and night to the next express delivery shop until it is delivered to the receiving place. At that time, it was stipulated that 400 miles should be traveled in one day and night.

Think about it, what measures are similar to the express delivery method in today’s postal service?

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"Science and Technology and Sino-foreign Communications in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT download:

"Science and Technology and Sino-foreign Communications in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT Download Part One: Learning Objectives Understand the invention and development of woodblock printing, and master the invention time, inventor, characteristics, development, dissemination and role of movable type printing. Master the invention process and applications of the compass..

"Science and Technology and Sino-foreign Communications in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT courseware:

"Technology and Sino-Foreign Communications in the Song and Yuan Dynasties" PPT courseware Part One: Introduction to the new lesson Your classmates have all seen it, and there are beautiful fireworks on the screen. Every time there is a grand festival or celebration, people set off fireworks and firecrackers to express their joy and best wishes. ..

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Update Time: 2024-09-27

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