"The Rise of Chinese Culture" The emergence of the country and the transformation of society PPT courseware 4

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"The Rise of Chinese Culture" The emergence of the country and the transformation of society PPT courseware 4

Legends about the creation of writing

Knotting ropes to record events "In ancient times, there were no words, but they had oaths. For big things, the rope was big; for small things, the rope was small."

Cangjie coined the characters: According to legend, Cangjie "has an extravagant face and a spiritual light in his four eyes. He is really wise and can write. So he was unable to cope with the changes in the world. He looked up at the trend of Kuixing Yuanqu, looked down at the mountains and rivers of Guiwen Toba, and pointed out the palms of his hands. And creating words..."

Summary: Whether it is tying ropes to record events, or Cangjie coining characters, or it is a method of recording events, or an ancient legend, they can only be used as a reference for governing history. Then our writing is developed and evolved from the summary of experiences of working people in production and life.

The discovery of oracle bone inscriptions: In the late Qing Dynasty, farmers in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan, used animal bones and tortoise shells dug in their fields as medicinal materials and sold them to pharmacies. At the end of the 19th century, the famous scholar Wang Yirong found symbols engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones among the medicinal materials he bought. He concluded that these were ancient Chinese characters that had been lost for a long time. This is how Oracle was discovered.

think about it

What does the above example illustrate the character-making characteristics of oracle bone inscriptions?

Oracle bone inscriptions have used pictograms, referring to things, meanings and other character-making methods, and have the basic form of Chinese character structure. It is a relatively mature writing.

Summarize the significance of the oracle bone inscriptions discovery

The written history of our country begins with the Shang Dynasty. By interpreting oracle bone inscriptions, we can understand a lot of the history of the Shang Dynasty and even before the Shang Dynasty.

Oracle bone inscriptions provide reliable physical evidence for our historical research, have important historical value, and are of epoch-making significance for Chinese archeology.

Characteristics of the evolution of writing

The square and round masses are replaced by lines, the zigzag pictographic lines are flattened, and the pictographic degree gradually decreases. From pictograms to abstractions, from complexity to simplicity.

1. The evolution of writing

Oracle bone inscriptions were written on tortoise shells or animal bones by the Shang Dynasty. Our country has a written history that can be traced back to the _____ Dynasty.

Bronze inscriptions are the characters engraved on _____ during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, also called inscriptions.

In the late _____ period of Dazhuan, some people unified the characters into one style.

Bamboo and silk books _____ period.

2. Fruitful science and technology – astronomy

Xia Dynasty The earliest recorded solar eclipse occurred in the Xia Dynasty

There are many records of solar and lunar eclipses in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty.

On the anniversary of the Western Weekend, a solar eclipse record with an exact date appeared

During the Spring and Autumn Period, our ancestors left the earliest records of Halley’s Comet in the world.

What are the proverbs about solar terms?

During the Qingming Festival, I am busy planting wheat, and during the Grain Rain, I am busy planting fields.

Cold dew is not cold, frost has changed the sky.

In the beginning of autumn, we are busy hunting indigo, and in the summer heat, we are busy with the sickle.

These twenty-four solar terms are an original creation of the working people in ancient my country. They reflect the changes in climate and play an important role in guiding agricultural production. Chinese people still use them to control the farming season and guide farming.

3. Qu Yuan and the Music of Bells and Drums

(1) Qu Yuan

Period: Late Warring States Period

Status: The World Peace Council positioned Qu Yuan as a world cultural celebrity

Representative work: "Li Sao"

Qu Yuan was born into a noble family of Chu State. He was exiled repeatedly due to slander. Later Chu was destroyed by Qin, and Qu Yuan committed suicide by throwing himself into the Miluo River. His representative works include "Li Sao", "Tian Wen", "Nine Songs", etc.

Designated as a cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council

Li Sao’s stylistic and writing characteristics and the emotions expressed

Style: It is a representative work of a new style of poetry created by Qu Yuan using the dialect of Chu State - "Songs of Chu"

Writing characteristics: rich imagination, bold exaggeration, surging emotions, and pioneered the creative technique of positive romanticism.

Emotions expressed: the poet's dedication to his ideals, his noble and upright character that refuses to live in the world, and his lofty and passionate passion for the motherland and the people.

(2) Music of Bells and Drums

Time: Spring and Autumn Period

Significance: Reflects the higher level of development of ancient music in my country

Representative: Chimes unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Zeng Yi in Suizhou, Hubei

Class summary

1. The evolution of writing

Oracle bone inscriptions → Bronze inscriptions (inscriptions, bells and tripods) → Large seal script → Bamboo and silk scripts during the Warring States period

2. Achievements in astronomy, calendar and medicine

1. Astronomical achievements: ①, ②, ③, ④

2. Calendar achievements: lunar calendar, lunar calendar of Shang Dynasty, 24 solar terms of Warring States period

3. Medical achievements: Bian Que and the four diagnostic methods of inspection, smelling, questioning and incision

3. Qu Yuan and “The Music of Bells and Drums”

1. Qu Yuan and "Li Sao"

2. The Music of Bells and Drums: The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period by Zeng Houyi’s Chimes

Class exercises

1. The written history of our country begins with

A. The era of Yao, Shun and Yu B. Xia Dynasty

C. Shang Dynasty D． Western Zhou Dynasty

2. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Oracle is quite mature

B． Bronze inscriptions are more standardized than oracle bone inscriptions

C. Bamboo and silk books appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period

D． The big seal script appeared in the late Western Zhou Dynasty

3. What is wrong about Qu Yuan’s narrative?

A. He was a native of Chu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period

B． His representative work is "Li Sao"

C. He created a new poetry form - Chu Ci

D． He was identified as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council

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Update Time: 2024-07-10

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