"The Rise of Chinese Culture" The emergence of the country and the transformation of society PPT courseware 6

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"The Rise of Chinese Culture" The emergence of the country and the transformation of society PPT courseware 6

1. The evolution of writing

Oracle

Inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones dating from the Shang Dynasty.

The written history of our country begins with the Shang Dynasty

Inscriptions on gold

The writing on bronze vessels during the Shang and Zhou dynasties is also called "Zhongdingwen". More standardized than Oracle.

large seal script

In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, people unified writing into a style.

During the Warring States Period, brushes were used to write on bamboo slips and silk.

2. Astronomy, calendar and medicine

astronomical:

Xia Dynasty—the earliest record of solar eclipse

Shang Dynasty - The records of solar and lunar eclipses in Oracle are very reliable

Western Zhou Dynasty—solar eclipse records with exact dates

Spring and Autumn—The earliest record of Halley’s Comet

Calendar:

Xia Dynasty—The "Xia Calendar" appeared

Shang Dynasty - complete, 12 months, big and small months, leap months

Warring States Period—Measuring the 24 Solar Terms

Medicine: Bian Que (Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period), the four diagnostic methods of "looking, smelling, asking, and feeling"

Proverbs related to the twenty-four solar terms

There are no fixed rules for farming, it all depends on the weather.

The sun is rising at the beginning of spring, and the rain is flowing along the river.

The crows crow at the start of the hibernation, and the water drips dry at the spring equinox.

During the Qingming Festival, we are busy planting millet, and during the Grain Rain period, we are planting fields.

In the beginning of summer, goose feathers live, and small birds are everywhere.

Everyone is happy to grow the awns, but there is no cotton in the summer solstice.

Minor summer heat is not considered hot, while severe summer heat is in the dog days.

Bian Que: A famous doctor during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. He summed up the four diagnostic methods of inspection, smelling, questioning and incision, which have been used by traditional Chinese medicine ever since.

Bian Que’s Acupuncture Diagram This is a copy of a stone statue painted in the Han Dynasty

A rubbing of Bian Que's acupuncture picture, the original stone statue is now in the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong.

The image of Bian Que, half human and half bird, is giving acupuncture treatment to a patient.

Qu Yuan was an aspiring politician and a great poet in ancient my country. He was a native of the Chu state at the end of the Warring States Period. Facing the declining state of Chu, Qu Yuan hoped to innovate and regain its former glory. However, he was framed by those in power and exiled by the king of Chu. Later, due to the political corruption of the Chu State, the capital was captured by the Qin State. Qu Yuan, filled with grief and indignation, threw himself into the Miluo River and committed suicide.

Class exercises:

1. Multiple choice questions:

1. The written history of our country begins with the Shang Dynasty, because the Shang Dynasty:

A. With the historian B. With the exact date

C. There are historical books D. Oracle bones that record historical data are left behind

2. Bamboo script and silk script appeared in:

A. Shang Dynasty B. Shang and Zhou Dynasties C. Late Western Zhou Dynasty D. Warring States Period

3. What kind of writing is the "Bronze Inscription" of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties:

A. Characters engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones B. Characters engraved on bronze vessels

C. Texts carved on stone tools D. words engraved on ironware

5. Choose the correct statement about the knowledge about our country’s calendar:

A. It is said that our country already had a calendar eight thousand years ago.

B. Today’s lunar calendar, also called the “Yin calendar”, is a relatively complete calendar.

C. During the Warring States Period, our country only divided the year into 12 months, with the theory of big and small months and leap months.

D. Since the Warring States Period, people have formulated 24 solar terms for a year. This is the greatest achievement in the calendar.

6. The ancient people of our country formulated a relatively complete calendar very early, dividing the year into 12 months, with 30 days in the big month and 29 days in the small month. One month is added in leap years. This historical period is:

A. Xia Dynasty B.Shang Dynasty C. Western Zhou Dynasty D. Eastern Zhou Dynasty

7. The ancient Chinese people established the 24 solar terms of the year very early on. This historical period is:

A.Xia Dynasty B. Shang Dynasty c. Spring and Autumn Period D. Warring States Period

8. Which of the following historical facts did not occur during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?

A. The first solar eclipse in Chinese history with exact year, month, and day records

B. Determine the 24 solar terms in a year

C. A comet was observed sweeping across the Beidou, leaving the earliest record of Halley's Comet

D. The famous doctor Bian Que uses the four diagnostic methods of inspection, smelling, questioning and incision to diagnose diseases.

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. During the Warring States Period, the great poet Qu Yuan absorbed the essence of folk songs and used the Chu dialect to create new style poetry. His representative work is "____".

In 1973, a large number of bell and drum instruments were unearthed in Suizhou, Hubei Province, among which ______ is the most precious.

3. Material analysis questions: Answers to reading materials:

"I take a long breath to cover my tears, and I feel sorry for the hardships of the people's lives!"

①Which work does the above content come from?

②Who created this work? During what period and in which country did he live?

③What feelings do these two lines of poetry reflect about the author?

Self-study guide: Preview Lesson 9 The Rise of Chinese Culture (2)

① Distinguish the thinkers of the Spring and Autumn Period from the thinkers of the Warring States Period.

② Carefully identify each school of thought and its claims.

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Update Time: 2024-10-06

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