"The Rise of Chinese Culture (2)" The emergence of the country and the transformation of society PPT courseware 4

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"The Rise of Chinese Culture (2)" The emergence of the country and the transformation of society PPT courseware 4

Learning objectives: Master Confucius’s political thought and educational achievements, and understand the opinions of various factions in the contention of a hundred schools of thought.

Knowledge and abilities: Connect the historical facts of this course with the political and economic conditions of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, understand that social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness is a reflection of social existence, and improve the ability to initially analyze historical phenomena from the perspective of historical materialism. Sort out historical knowledge and improve historical learning abilities.

Emotional attitudes and values: Learn from Confucius' great achievements in education, cultivate a good study style, and learn to develop good study habits.

focus

Confucius’s political and ideological propositions and educational achievements.

A hundred schools of thought contend.

difficulty

The difficulty of this course is to explain the ideas of various thinkers in a simple way and avoid memorizing them by rote.

One hundred schools of thought

(1) Confucianism - "The Way of Confucius and Mencius"

1 "A benevolent person loves others, loves everyone, and is close to his family."

Question: According to the material, what ideas did Confucius put forward?

Put forward the theory of "benevolence"

2 "Be frugal with money and love people, so that people can use their time; choose what can be done and work hard; use small amounts of money to restrain it."

Question: According to the materials, what specific elaborations did Confucius make on “benevolence”?

Advocates "loving people" and cherishing people's strength

3 One day, Confucius went to Qi State and passed Mount Tai. He saw a woman crying in front of her grave. He stopped his student Zilu and asked about it. He learned that it was harsh government that forced them to leave their hometown. When they came here, their relatives were killed by tigers again. In this case, they still do not want to return to their hometown. Confucius sighed: "The brutal rule is more powerful than the tiger!".

Question: According to the data, what behaviors did Confucius require rulers to strictly prohibit in practice?

Oppose “tyranny” and “arbitrary executions”

Confucius’ thoughts and ideas:

1 Basic idea: Put forward the theory of "benevolence"

2 Specific elaboration: Advocating “loving people” and cherishing people’s strength

3. Practical guarantee: "Government based on virtue" and opposition to "tyranny" and "arbitrary punishment"

Tip: Mark it in the textbook to deepen your memory.

Confucius’ educational achievements and thoughts:

1 Education targets: establishing private schools and recruiting disciples

2 Educational philosophy: "Teach students in accordance with their aptitude" and be good at inspiring students to think about problems

3 Learning attitude: honest, humble and eager to learn

4 Learning methods: “Review the past and learn the new”

Tip: Mark it in the textbook to deepen your memory.

2. A hundred schools of thought contend

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, various countries competed for reform and society changed dramatically. Scholars with cultural knowledge went everywhere to lobby and give lectures, put forward their own opinions on various social issues, and publicized their own ideas, forming different factions, which was known as "the contention of a hundred schools of thought" in history.

1.Government

Confucianism: Confucius advocated "governing with virtue" and opposed "tyranny" and "arbitrary punishment and killing." Mencius advocated "benevolent government" to govern the country and despise corvee and despise tax.

Taoism: Zhuangzi advocates letting nature take its course and "governing by doing nothing"

Legalism: Han Feizi advocated "reform", opposed empty talk about benevolence and righteousness, advocated "the rule of law", and proposed the establishment of a feudal country with an autocratic monarchy and centralized power.

2. Debate

Confucianism: Mencius proposed "no righteous wars in the Spring and Autumn Period" and opposed all wars.

Mohist: Mozi proposed "non-offensive" and supported just war.

Military strategist: Sun Bin proposed that "victory leads to strong establishment, so the world will be subdued" and opposed to empty talk about benevolence and righteousness.

Practice in class:

1. The fundamental reason for the situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending" during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is ( )

A. Frequent wars for hegemony B. Academic prosperity

C. Great social changes D. The emergence of the emerging landlord class

2. If you want to understand Confucius’ words and deeds, the books you should consult are ( )

A. "Confucius" B. "The Book of Songs"

C. "The Analects of Confucius" D. "Spring and Autumn"

3. "Confucius knew his students very well. He knew that Gao Chai was dull, Zeng Shen was slow-tempered, Zi Zhang was extreme, and Zi Lu was impulsive, so he educated them in a targeted manner, brought into play their strengths, and helped them overcome their shortcomings." Regarding this. The most accurate understanding of the sentence is ( )

A. Educating people with "morality" B. Teaching without distinction

C. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude D. Do my duty to the teacher

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Update Time: 2024-07-22

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