"Development of the Jiangnan Region" Separation of Governments and National Integration PPT Courseware 5

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"Development of the Jiangnan Region" Separation of Governments and National Integration PPT Courseware 5

Sima Qian described Jiangnan in "Historical Records":

The territory is vast and sparsely populated; rice and fish are the main foods, and people can also collect plant fruits and shellfish from the mountains and swamps for food; they set fire to the wasteland and cultivate paddy fields; there is no need for merchants to sell goods, and there are no very wealthy people.

Thinking: What kind of economic development level is this?

The population is sparsely populated, farming methods are backward, commodity exchange is very underdeveloped, the degree of differentiation between rich and poor is not obvious, and the economy is backward.

1. The rise and fall of the Western Jin Dynasty and the various ethnic groups that moved inland

The Rise and Fall of the Western Jin Dynasty

After Cao Pi's death, minister Sima Yi gradually took control of the power of Wei. Shu, the weakest country in the Three Kingdoms, was the first to be destroyed by Wei. In 266, Sima Yi's grandson Sima Yan usurped the throne and established the Jin Dynasty, with its capital in Luoyang, known as the "Western Jin" in history. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed the State of Wu and ended the split.

1. How did the Western Jin Dynasty establish and unify the country?

Establishment: In 263, Wei destroyed Shu; in 266, Sima Yan established the Western Jin Dynasty and made Luoyang its capital.

Unification: In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, ended the division and unified the country.

2. How did the Western Jin Dynasty decline?

The "Eight Kings Rebellion" in which the ruling group fought for the throne exhausted the national power of the Western Jin Dynasty; in 316, the Huns who moved inland destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty.

3. How did the nobles of the Western Jin Dynasty live?

Shi Chong, the governor of Jingzhou, became rich by robbing merchants and travelers. The emperor, Prince Kai, was not convinced and made a 40-meter-long road-blocking screen out of silk to show his wealth. Shi Chong made a 50-meter-long screen out of brocade to compare with him.

think about it

Why was the Western Jin Dynasty a short-lived dynasty?

1. The ruling group of the Western Jin Dynasty was very corrupt, luxury and corruption were prevalent, and the reigning emperor had low intelligence.

2. The "Eight Kings Rebellion", which fought for power within the ruling group, exhausted the national power of the Western Jin Dynasty.

3. The ethnic minorities who moved inland were oppressed by the ruling class of the Western Jin Dynasty, and there were conflicts among the ethnic groups. They took advantage of the civil strife in the Western Jin Dynasty to rebel against the Jin Dynasty.

think

After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, what different political situations emerged in the north and the south?

The political situation in the south was relatively stable: in 317, Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with the capital at Jiankang (today's Nanjing), and settled in the south of the Yangtze River.

The political situation in the north was severely war-torn: various ethnic groups who moved inland and the Han people in the Central Plains established sixteen political regimes, collectively known as the "Sixteen Kingdoms". In the late 4th century, the Di people established the former Qin Dynasty. King Fu Jian appointed the Han man Wang Meng as his prime minister. He worked hard to govern and became powerful, eliminating other political powers and unifying the Yellow River Basin.

Read the book carefully and answer the questions:

1. Tell the time, place, warring parties, strength comparison and result of the Battle of Feishui.

383 years; Feishui; the army of the former Qin and the army of the Eastern Jin; the former Qin was strong and the Eastern Jin was weak; the former Qin was defeated and the Eastern Jin was victorious.

2. Tell us the idioms and allusions you know about the Battle of Feishui.

Throwing a whip cuts off the flow; the wind roars and the cranes roar; the grass and trees are all soldiers

3. After the Battle of Feishui, what happened in the north and the south? (Influence)

The rule of the former Qin collapsed, and the northern region fell back into a state of separatism and melee; the Eastern Jin Dynasty achieved temporary stability in the south, providing favorable conditions for economic development.

Collaborative exploration: What are the factors that led to the development of the Jiangnan area?

Conditions: Jiangnan has abundant rainfall, fertile land and superior natural conditions.

reason

1. There is war in the north, but relative stability in the south

2. People from the north moved south, bringing with them a large amount of labor force and advanced production technology.

3. The hard work of the working people in the north and south

4. The ruler’s attention

Classroom testing

1. Multiple choice questions

1. The order in which the Three Kingdoms ended is ( )

A Wei Shu Wu B Shu Wei Wu C Wu Shu Wei D Shu Wu Wei

2. The historical event that marked the unification of the north and the south in the Western Jin Dynasty is ( )

A The Kingdom of Shu was destroyed B The Western Jin Dynasty established its capital in Luoyang C The Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu D The capital was moved to Chang'an

3. Judging from the main characteristics of the Western Jin Dynasty, which of the following dynasties is it more similar to? ( )

A Western Han Dynasty B Eastern Han Dynasty C Three Kingdoms D Qin Dynasty

4. The following idioms that have nothing to do with the Battle of Feishui are ( )

A Throwing a whip to cut off the flow B The grass and trees are all soldiers C The sound of wind and cranes D The cauldron and the boat sinking

5. During the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, the Jiangnan area was developed. The main reason is ( )

A Warm and humid B Relatively stable C People from the north moved south D Fertile land

6. The most important reason for Qin’s defeat in the Battle of Feishui is ( )

A The former Qin army was weak in battle B The front line of the former Qin was too long

C The former Qin army was not used to water warfare D Attacking the Eastern Jin Dynasty was unpopular

1. Use arrows in the figure to mark the trend of population mobility during the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

2. When did the first major population migration in my country’s history begin? Why does this happen?

3. What impact has the southward migration of population had on the economy?

4. Is there any migration of the population in my country today? for example.

5. Nowadays, a large number of scientific and technological personnel and migrant workers from northern my country are flocking to the south. How is this different from the population migration southward during the Wei and Jin Dynasties? Please explain briefly.

think

What are the characteristics of the Battle of Feishui? Which previous battles in history is it similar to? Think about it, do the experiences and lessons of ancient wars have any reference for modern wars? Why?

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Update Time: 2024-06-17

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