"The Great Integration of Nationalities in the North" Separation of Regime and National Integration PPT Courseware 6

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"The Great Integration of Nationalities in the North" Separation of Regime and National Integration PPT Courseware 6

1. The unification of the north and the integration of nationalities

The Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north

The establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty: In the late 4th century, a branch of the Xianbei people in the northeastern region became strong and established the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Ethnicity: Tuoba Tribe of Xianbei Nationality

Unified time: 439

Capital: Pingcheng

Significance: There is a trend of national integration in the north (production technology, living customs)

National integration has become a trend

1. Production technology

Northern nomads learn agricultural production techniques from the Han people

Han people also learned animal husbandry from northern ethnic minorities

2. Living customs

Clothes: Hanfu for the Hu people, Hufu for the Han people

Food: Han Chinese food (BBQ, pancakes, etc.)

Daily necessities Han people use Hu beds (chairs)

Based on the picture, what is your understanding of "national integration"?

National integration refers to the mutual influence and penetration of different production methods, customs, cultural and psychological characteristics between different ethnic groups. It is a natural integration between ethnic groups.

National integration includes not only the process of sinicization of ethnic minorities, but also the absorption of the excellent culture of ethnic minorities by the Han people.

Since the economic and cultural level of the Han nationality was significantly higher than that of other ethnic minorities in ancient Chinese history, all previous ethnic integrations occurred with the Han nationality as the core.

This is a progressive phenomenon in Chinese history.

If you were Emperor Xiaowen, how would you make the country stronger in order to comply with the trend of national integration? what will you do?

Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, whose original name was Tuoba Hong, changed his surname to Yuanhong. He succeeded to the throne at the age of four and was the sixth emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Nineteen years after he succeeded, his grandmother, Queen Mother Feng, passed away and he began to truly take control of the political power. Emperor Xiaowen was deeply influenced by Han culture under the upbringing of Empress Dowager Feng since he was a child.

Emperor Xiaowen's reforms

Background: The Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River Basin, and the trend of ethnic integration took shape.

Purpose: In order to accept the advanced culture of the Han nationality

measure

The political system adopts the Han official system of laws and regulations

social life

Chinese must be used in court

Officials and their families wear Han costumes

Changing Chinese surnames to encourage intermarriage with Han people

Thought and Culture

Learn the etiquette of the Han people, respect Confucius, govern the country with filial piety, and promote the culture of respecting and caring for the elderly, etc.

effect

①Conducive to the development of northern economy

②Accelerate the feudalization process of various ethnic groups in the north

③Promote the integration of northern ethnic groups

What is the significance of Emperor Xiaowen’s reforms?

① Promoted the great integration of northern ethnic groups

② Conducive to the development of northern economy

③Accelerated the feudalization process of northern ethnic minorities

Enlightenment: Reforms that conform to the trend of historical development can promote social development and progress.

Evaluation of Emperor Xiaowen:

The reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty accelerated the feudalization process of northern ethnic minorities, promoted the integration of northern ethnic groups, and were conducive to social progress and should be affirmed.

He is an outstanding minority political reformer in the history of our country.

power enhanced

During the Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the feudal unification situation was broken, society was in a state of division, and political power changed frequently. Throughout the 300 years of division and turmoil. Its overall characteristics are: the split is not radial, but centripetal; it is not more and more scattered, but more and more integrated. It contains many unifying factors, and the unification trend is obviously developing. Please explore the factors conducive to unification contained in the Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

The unifying factors involved are:

①_____________, gradually narrowing the economic development gap between the north and the south.

②_____________ is accelerating. Through ethnic migration, friendly exchanges, political reforms and other channels, the Han nationality has been integrated, and ethnic barriers and conflicts have weakened.

③_____________. First, there was the partial unification of the Three Kingdoms. During the Western Jin Dynasty and the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the former Qin unified the Yellow River Basin; then the Northern Wei unified, and finally the Northern Zhou unified. There was a continuous situation of northern unification;

④ Some knowledgeable __________________, such as Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Emperor Xiaowen and others, all carried out a series of struggles and activities to achieve unification.

⑤The division of the country brings suffering to the people, _____________. In short, in the long-term division, there are still elements of unity. It is precisely with the strengthening of ethnic integration and economic and cultural development that the unifying factors are gradually strengthening. Thus preparing the conditions for greater unification.

Compliance test

1. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital from Pingcheng to: ( )

A. Chang'an B. Xu C. Luoyang D. Yin

2. The Northern Wei Dynasty was a political power established by which of the following ethnic minorities: ( )

A. Jie B. Xianbei C. Di D. Xiongnu

3. The following contents are the results of the reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty ( )

① Accelerated the process of feudalization of various ethnic groups in the north

②Promoted the great integration of northern ethnic groups

③Enhancing national military strength

④ Make farmers’ production and life relatively stable, and the northern economy recover and develop

A, ①② B, ①②③ C, ①②④ D, ①②③④

4. Chen Qingzhi, an official of the Southern Dynasty, was on a mission to the north and witnessed the scenery of Luoyang. He said with emotion: I used to think that the north of the Yangtze River was a backward "foreign" custom. Now I know that the Central Plains area has prosperous etiquette and abundant talents, which is difficult to describe. The main reason why this happens is that

A. The reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty promoted ethnic integration B. A large number of southern people moved northward

C. The economy in the northern region is developed D. The ethnic minorities in the north are developing rapidly

5. “Although the Xianbei people themselves no longer exist as a single nation because of this, they have gained eternal life in another ethnic family.” The historical events that enabled the Xianbei people to “gain eternal life” are

A. Guan Zhong's reforms B. Shang Yang's reforms C. Wang Anshi's reforms D. Emperor Xiaowen's reforms

20. Material: The Lord of Wei wanted to change the customs of the north and introduced his ministers. ...The emperor said: "If your name is not correct and your words are not correct, the rituals and music will not flourish. Now I want to stop all the Northern dialects and start with the correct pronunciation. He is over thirty years old, and his habits have been long-standing and cannot be changed suddenly. Under thirty, If you see someone in the court who refuses to listen to your voice, if you do something wrong, you should be demoted and deposed." Please answer:

(1) Which emperor does "Wei Lord" refer to?

(2) What problem does this text illustrate?

(3) What kind of spirit do you experience from this emperor?

Try your hand

1. In order to strengthen his rule over the Central Plains, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital from Luoyang to Pingcheng.

2. In the process of Sinicization, Emperor Xiaowen took the lead in changing his surname from "Tuoba" to "Lu".

3. Emperor Xiaowen’s reforms promoted the great integration of ethnic groups in the Yellow River Basin.

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Update Time: 2024-09-07

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