"The Spherical Structure of the Earth" The Earth in the Universe PPT quality courseware

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"The Spherical Structure of the Earth" The Earth in the Universe PPT quality courseware

Part One: Goal Setting

1. Understand the characteristics of seismic waves and their application in delineating the Earth's interior.

2. Master the divisions and characteristics of the Earth's internal spheres.

3. Understand the composition and significance of the Earth's outer spheres.

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 2: Strong Foundation and Independent Diagnosis

basic literacy

1. Earthquakes and seismic waves

1. Earthquake: A form of rapid release of Earth's ________.

2. seismic waves

Transverse waves: propagate slowly and can only propagate through ________

Longitudinal waves: propagate quickly and can propagate through ________

2. The Earth’s Inner Circle

1. Classification basis: The change of seismic waves in the Earth's interior ________. In the picture, A represents ________, and B represents ________.

2. Interface: In the picture, C is ________, D is ________, F is ________, G is ________, and H is ________.

3. Circle division and characteristics

(1)Crust(H)

①Scope: below the ground and above the Moho plane.

②Characteristics: continental crust is _________, oceanic crust is different in thickness

The altitude ________, the thicker the crust;

The altitude ________, the thinner the crust

(2) Mantle (G): divided into upper mantle and lower mantle. There is a ________ layer in the upper part of the upper mantle, which may be one of the origins of ________. The top of the upper mantle and the crust form ________.

(3) Earth core

Outer core F: Matter is in the ________ or ________ state

Kernel E: Present________

[Thinking] When an earthquake occurs somewhere, in a nearby city where the earthquake is clearly felt, do pedestrians on the street feel the same as people on a boat in the lake? Why?

Hint: Not the same. Pedestrians on the street first feel the ground bumping up and down, and then shaking left and right, because both longitudinal and transverse waves can pass through on land, and longitudinal waves propagate faster than transverse waves; people on a boat in the lake can only feel up and down bumps, because only longitudinal waves pass through the water. .

3. The Earth’s Outer Sphere

1. atmosphere

The density of the layer of gas surrounding the Earth increases rapidly _________ with altitude.

2. Hydrosphere

(1) Composition: Composed of ________, solid water and ________.

(2)Classification

According to the location and state of existence, it is divided into: ocean water, ________, atmospheric water and biological water. Among them, ________ has the closest relationship with human society.

3. biosphere

(1) Composition: All living things on earth and their ________.

(2) Scope: ________ of the atmosphere, ________ of the hydrosphere and ________ of the earth's crust.

[Thinking] What are the connections between the various layers outside the earth?

Tip: mutual penetration, mutual influence, mutual connection.

[Practice quiz]

1. True or false

(1) When an earthquake occurs, people in the water feel the same as people on land. ( )

(2) The lithosphere is the earth’s crust. ( )

(3) The propagation speed of seismic waves changes significantly at a depth of 33 kilometers. ( )

(4) The hydrosphere penetrates into the lithosphere. ( )

2. Connect

Read the diagram of the relationship between the four major spheres and connect the letters in the diagram with the spheres of the earth they represent.

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part Three: Analysis of Problems and Collaborative Exploration

Exploring 1 The Earth’s Inner Sphere

As the saying goes, "There is a way to heaven, but there is no way to earth." Exploring the inner circle of the earth has always been the focus of human attention. Suppose you are on a scientific expedition through the center of the earth in a miniature car that can withstand high temperatures and pressures and can also penetrate hard rocks. If the on-board instruments and various sensors on the car record what they see along the way, the on-board computer uses big data to analyze the material composition of each layer.

[Problem exploration]

Question 1: What are the main components of the earth’s crust?

Tip: The earth's crust is mainly composed of rocks.

Question 2: Asthenosphere is found in the mantle. What are its characteristics? What substance could be the origin of it?

Tip: The asthenosphere is characterized by very high temperatures, where the rock is partially melted and can flow slowly. The asthenosphere may be the origin of magma.

Question 3: What is the material state of the outer core? Why?

Tip: The material state of the outer core may be liquid or molten, because transverse waves cannot pass through this circle.

1. Illustration of the divisions of the Earth's interior circles

Taking the Moho and Gutenberg surfaces as boundaries, the interior of the Earth can be divided into three layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.

2. Summary of the main characteristics of each sphere inside the earth

Interpretation skills of the earth’s internal circle division map

Types of information that can be extracted: types of seismic waves, Moho surface, Gutenberg surface, and the structure of the Earth's inner sphere.

(1) Judgment of transverse waves (S waves) and longitudinal waves (P waves). Transverse waves propagate slowly and only propagate in solids; longitudinal waves propagate fast and can propagate in all three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

(2) Judgment of Moho. At an average of 37 kilometers underground (land part), the propagation speed of both transverse and longitudinal waves suddenly increases - the discontinuity (Moho surface), which is the interface between the crust and the mantle.

(3) Judgment of Gutenberg surface. At 2,900 kilometers underground, the transverse waves suddenly disappear, and the propagation speed of the longitudinal waves suddenly decreases - the discontinuity surface (Gutenberg surface), which is the interface between the mantle and the core.

(4) The division of the earth’s inner circles. According to the Moho and Gutenberg surfaces, the interior of the Earth is divided into the crust, mantle and core.

(5) Judgment of the material state of the Earth’s inner sphere. The state of matter can be determined based on the propagation of seismic waves.

Exploration 2: The Earth’s Outer Sphere

The atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere are the outer layers of the earth. "Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers" reflects the interconnected and mutually restrictive relationship between the outer circles. The figure below is a schematic diagram of material exchange between the earth's spheres. The serial numbers ①②③ in the figure represent the outer spheres.

[Problem exploration]

Question 1: Which outer circle do ①②③ in the above picture represent?

Tips: ① Hydrosphere ② Biosphere ③ Atmosphere

Question 2: Which part connects the inner and outer spheres of the earth? "Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers" reflects the relationship between which two circles?

Hint: lithosphere. Lithosphere and biosphere.

Question 3: What is the relationship between organisms and the environment?

Tip: Organisms obtain matter and energy from the environment, and also play an important role in promoting the conversion of solar energy, changing the composition of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and transforming the surface morphology.

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 4: Improving Abilities and Passing Training

At 02:31 on April 15, 2019, a magnitude 4.3 earthquake occurred in Shuanghu County, Nagqu City, Tibet (32°26′N, 89°39′E), with a focal depth of 9 kilometers. Answer questions 1-2 accordingly.

1. The epicenter of this earthquake is located in ()

A. Earth's core B. upper mantle

C． Lower mantle D. crust

2. When an earthquake occurs, how do local residents feel ()

A. Shake left and right

B． First shaking from side to side and then bumping up and down

C． bumping up and down

D． First bumping up and down and then shaking left and right

Analysis: Question 1: The average thickness of the earth's crust is 20 kilometers, and the focal depth is 9 kilometers. The source of this earthquake is located in the crust. Question 2: The propagation speed of longitudinal waves is faster than the propagation speed of transverse waves. When the longitudinal waves are transmitted to the ground, the residents feel bumps up and down. When the transverse waves are transmitted again, the residents feel the left and right shaking.

Answer: 1.D　2.D

Read the schematic diagram of the divisions of the earth's various circles and answer questions 3 to 4.

3. Which of the following statements about the Earth’s spherical structure is incorrect ()

A. The earth has obvious spherical structural characteristics

B． The earth can be divided into two major circles: inner and outer structures.

C． The mantle is the middle layer of the Earth's interior

D． The earth's crust belongs to both the outer and inner layers of the earth

4． Which of the following statements about the various circles of the earth in the picture is correct ()

A. The C sphere is made of rocks, so it is called the lithosphere

B． The circle in which B is located creates different types of natural landscapes on the earth's surface.

C． The A ring layer is the thickest among the outer ring layers.

D． The D circle is generally considered to be the origin of magma.

Analysis: Question 3, read the picture, the earth has obvious spherical structure characteristics, A is correct. The earth can be divided into two major spherical structures: inner and outer. B is correct. The mantle is the middle layer of the earth's inner sphere. C is correct. The earth's crust belongs to the inner circle of the earth. D is wrong, so choose D. Question 4: Read the picture. Circle C is made of rocks, so it is called the crust. A is wrong. The circle in which B is located creates different types of land and ocean landscapes on the earth's surface. B is wrong. Circle A is the atmospheric circle, which is the thickest circle among the outer circles. C is correct, so choose C. The D sphere is the core part of the earth. It is generally believed that the origin of magma is the asthenosphere at the top of the upper mantle, D error.

Answer: 3.D　4.C

Keywords: Hunan Education Edition High School Geography Compulsory Course 1 PPT Courseware Free Download, Earth's Spherical Structure PPT Download, Earth in the Universe PPT Download, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-07-11

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