"The Spherical Structure of the Earth" Earth in the Universe PPT high-quality courseware

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"The Spherical Structure of the Earth" Earth in the Universe PPT high-quality courseware

Part One: Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Knowledge

[Self-reading textbook·Fill in key points]

1. Earthquakes and seismic waves

1. earthquake

(1) Concept: It is the ground vibration caused by the rapid release of _____ from the earth's crust. It is a natural disaster with huge harm and impact.

(2)Seismic structure:

①In the figure, C is _____, B is the epicenter, BC is _____, and AB is the epicenter distance.

②The size of the earthquake is represented by _____.

③D is located on _____, which means connecting points with the same intensity into a closed curve.

④The degree of damage to the ground surface and buildings caused by the earthquake is expressed by _____.

2. seismic waves

(1)Meaning: The energy of an earthquake spreads outward in a _____ way, forming seismic waves.

(2)Types and characteristics:

(3) Application: The main basis for obtaining _____ and _____ inside the earth.

2. The Earth’s Inner Circle

1. One basis: seismic wave propagation speed.

2. Two interfaces: Moho and Gutenberg.

3. Three main spheres: _____, mantle, and _____.

3. The Earth’s Outer Sphere

1. Composed of: atmosphere, _____sphere and biosphere, the corresponding elements are atmosphere, _____ and _____.

2. atmosphere

(1) Composition: _____ layer surrounding the earth.

(2) Density change characteristics:

①The density of the atmosphere near the ground _____.

②As altitude increases, the density of the atmosphere rapidly _____.

③At an altitude of 2,000 to 3,000 kilometers, it is very close to _____ space conditions and is regarded as _____ of the atmosphere.

3. Hydrosphere

(1) Composition: It is composed of liquid water, solid water and gaseous water.

(2) According to the location and state of existence, it is divided into ocean water, _____ water, atmospheric water and _____ water.

(3) Terrestrial water: ① Terrestrial water has the closest relationship with human society; ② It is divided into _____ water and groundwater.

4． biosphere

(1)Meaning: A general term for all living things on earth and their _____.

(2) Characteristics: It does not occupy any space alone, and penetrates into the bottom of the atmosphere, all of _____ and the upper part of the lithosphere.

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 2: Pay Attention to Problem-Based Teaching

Question 1: How to divide the inner circles of the earth? Basic test points

[Thinking and exploring]

Research point (1) The inner sphere of the earth

At 22:55 on June 17, 2019, Beijing time, an earthquake measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Changning County, Yibin, Sichuan Province, with a focal depth of 16 km. Many places in Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, and Guizhou felt the earthquake.

Tip: According to the materials, the focal depth of this earthquake is 16 km and should be located in the earth's crust.

Research point (2) Seismic waves and their characteristics

Seismic waves refer to waves that are emitted from fractures in rock formations and propagate in the earth's medium when an earthquake occurs. Seismic waves are divided into longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Longitudinal waves, referred to as P waves, are waves whose vibration direction is consistent with the propagation direction of the wave. Longitudinal waves propagate quickly. When they reach the ground, people feel shaking and objects jump up and down. Transverse waves, referred to as S waves, are waves whose vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave. Transverse waves propagate slower than longitudinal waves. When they reach the ground, people feel shaken and objects swing back and forth. Therefore, when an earthquake strikes, people's feeling is "first jolted and then shaken". Transverse waves are powerful and are the main factor causing damage to buildings.

[Explore] If you were on the street when an earthquake occurred, how would you feel? How would you feel if you were rowing on a lake? Why?

Tip: When you are on the street, you will first feel the ground bumping up and down, and then shaking horizontally, because both longitudinal and transverse waves can pass through on land, and longitudinal waves propagate faster than transverse waves. Rowing in a lake can only feel up and down, because only longitudinal waves can propagate in liquids, and transverse waves can only propagate in solids.

[System Cognition]

1. The specific divisions and characteristics of the Earth’s inner spheres

Taking the Moho surface and the Gutenberg surface as boundaries, the interior of the earth can be divided into three layers: the crust, the mantle and the core. The specific comparison is shown in the following table:

2. The difference and connection between the earth’s crust and lithosphere

The crust is located above the Moho plane and is a thin, hard outer shell composed of rock on the earth's surface. The lithosphere is different from the earth's crust. The lithosphere includes the earth's crust and the top of the upper mantle (above the asthenosphere). The relationship between the two is shown in the figure below:

[Training to pass the test]

1. The basis for dividing the earth’s internal circles is ()

A. Changes in seismic wave speed

B． Changes in Earth's Internal Temperature

C． Changes in the composition of the earth's interior

D． Changes in pressure within the Earth

2. Regarding the lithosphere, the correct statement is ()

A. The lithosphere is made of rock and is part of the Earth's crust

B． The lithosphere is located in the upper part of the upper mantle and below the asthenosphere

C． The lithosphere includes the entire crust and upper mantle

D． The lithosphere includes the crust and the top of the upper mantle, above the asthenosphere

3. The seismic wave represented by the curve in the figure is ()

A. Longitudinal wave

B． transverse wave

C． Longitudinal and transverse waves

D． Unable to judge

4． The Moho is approximately underground ()

A. 5 km away B. 17 km away

C． At 33 km D. 2 900 km away

5. From the crust to the center of the earth()

A. The pressure is increasing b. The temperature is getting lower and lower

C． Density is getting smaller and smaller D. The wave speed is getting faster and faster

Question 2: What are the characteristics of the earth’s outer sphereBasic test points

[Thinking and exploring]

On February 28, 2017, the "Jiaolong" manned submersible completed the first dive of China's Ocean Voyage 38 in the northwest Indian Ocean. This is the "first dive" carried out by the "Jiaolong" in 2017, and it is also the first time my country has carried out a deep-diving survey in the northwest Indian Ocean, with a depth of 3,500 m. The "Jiaolong" overcame numerous environmental and technical difficulties to conduct deep-sea exploration. In addition to exploring paths for the development of marine resources, it also undertakes many scientific research missions such as marine life and geological evolution.

[Explore] In which circle of the earth is the "Jiaolong" dive location located? Is this circle all distributed below sea level?

Hint: water circles. This circle is a general term for various forms of water bodies on the surface and near the surface. The main body is the ocean, and it also includes rivers, lakes, swamps, glaciers, groundwater, etc. on land. Therefore, not all of this circle is distributed below sea level.

[Training to pass the test]

1. Which of the following statements about the Earth's spherical structure is incorrect ()

A. The main components of the atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen

B． The hydrosphere is a continuous but irregular circle

C． The biosphere is the collective name for all living things on earth

D． The various circles are interpenetrated and interconnected.

2. Regarding the description of the hydrosphere, the incorrect statement is ()

A. It is an outer circle composed of various water bodies.

B． The main body of water is river water in land water

C． Water is one of the most active physical geographical elements

D． It is indispensable for the survival and development of humans and other living things

3. The spatial extent of the geographical environment on which human beings live is closest to ()

A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere

C． biosphere d. J

The Earth’s Spherical Structure PPT, Part 3: Carry out structural evaluation of thinking

Structural evaluation of thinking——Beautiful Guizhou·Huangguoshu Waterfall

Huangguoshu Waterfall is located in Ningbuyi and Miao Autonomous County, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, China. It is the largest first-level waterfall in the Huangguoshu Waterfalls group. It is one of the world's famous waterfalls and is famous for its huge water flow. The height of the waterfall is 77.8 m, of which the height of the main waterfall is 67 m; the width of the waterfall is 101 m, of which the top width of the main waterfall is 83.3 m. On the other side of the waterfall, there is a quaint waterfall viewing pavilion. On the pavilion pillar is engraved a couplet written by the Qing Dynasty: "The white water is like cotton, and the flowers will scatter without a bow; the red clouds are like brocade, there is no need to weave them in nature." The picture below shows the Huangguoshu Waterfall landscape, trying to illustrate the circles in the picture and their mutual relationships.

Keywords: Hunan Education Edition High School Geography Compulsory Course 1 PPT Courseware Free Download, Earth's Spherical Structure PPT Download, Earth in the Universe PPT Download, .PPT format;

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Update Time: 2024-07-02

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