"The Cosmic Environment of the Earth" The Earth in the Universe PPT

Description

"The Cosmic Environment of the Earth" The Earth in the Universe PPT

Part One: Preliminary exploration of new knowledge

Basic combing

1. Universe

1. concept of universe

universe

"Yu" means "up and down in all directions", which is __________

"Zhou" - refers to "the past and present", it is __________

2. Celestial Bodies - The Materiality of the Universe

(1)Definition: different forms of __________ in the universe.

(2)Type

Nebulae, __________, planets, satellites, comets, meteoroids and interstellar matter, etc.

Basic celestial bodies: __________ and __________

Methods and techniques

"Three Looks" Method to Judge Celestial Bodies

(1) Check the location: Is it located outside the earth’s atmosphere and exists independently in the universe? Objects that enter the atmosphere or fall back to the ground are not celestial bodies.

(2) Second look at the essence: is it a substance in the universe? Natural phenomena do not belong to celestial bodies.

(3) Third look at the operation: whether it is running alone on a certain orbit. Objects that are attached to other celestial bodies do not belong to celestial bodies, such as the Mars rover investigating on Mars.

3. Celestial system

(1) Cause of formation: Neighboring celestial bodies __________, with the massive celestial body as the center, and other celestial bodies rotating around this center.

(2) Hierarchy: According to its scale, it can be divided into four levels: observable universe, __________, star system and __________.

Methods and techniques

How to judge celestial systems

In order for celestial bodies to form a celestial body system, two conditions must be met at the same time, namely the "two requirements": first, they must attract each other, and second, they must revolve around each other. Only attracting without revolving cannot constitute a celestial body system. For example, the moon orbits the earth, forming the Earth-Moon system; the stars of the Big Dipper cannot form a celestial system without mutual orbiting relationships.

2. Solar System

1. Composition: It is composed of __________, eight planets and their satellites, numerous asteroids, comets, meteoroids and interplanetary materials.

2. Central object: __________, its mass accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the solar system.

3. eight planets

(1) Mercury, a__________, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, b__________, Uranus and Neptune.

(2) Classify according to characteristics such as distance from the sun, mass, and volume: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and __________ are terrestrial planets; Jupiter and __________ are giant planets; Uranus and Neptune are far-solar planets.

3. Earth

1. ordinary planet

The Earth is an ordinary planet in the solar system. In terms of size and mass, it is not outstanding in the solar system.

2. special celestial body

(1) Performance: The Earth is the only celestial body currently known to have __________, especially advanced intelligent creatures, in the universe. It is a very unique planet in the universe.

4. The impact of solar radiation on the earth

1. Sun Profile

(1)State: huge fiery __________.

(2) Main ingredients: __________ and helium.

(3) Energy source: __________ reaction inside the sun.

2. Solar radiation and its wavelength

(1) The sun continuously radiates energy into the universe in the form of __________, which is called __________.

(2) In the picture below, A represents __________, B represents __________, and C represents __________. Among them, the wavelength range of the B light zone is __________ microns, accounting for about 50% of the total solar radiation.

3. Effects of solar radiation

It provides __________ and __________ to the earth, maintains __________ on the surface, provides power for __________, __________ movement, __________ and human activities on the earth; affects the formation and change of the geographical environment.

5. The impact of solar activity on the earth

1. outer layers of the sun

The sun's atmosphere, that is, the sun's outer circle, is divided into A__________, B__________, and C__________ from the inside to the outside.

2. Solar activity overview

(1) Main types and locations of sunspots: ____________________: B

(2)Strength and weakness signs: the size and number of __________.

(3) The cycle of strength and weakness changes: approximately __________.

3. impact on earth

(1) Impact on the earth’s climate: There is a certain correspondence between climate change on the earth and __________ activities.

(2) Impact on the Earth's ionosphere: The electromagnetic waves emitted when a flare erupts will strongly interfere with __________ high in the Earth's sky, causing the quality of shortwave communications, satellite communications, shortwave broadcasts, aerospace and other signals to decrease or even be interrupted.

PPT on the cosmic environment of the earth, part 2: independent evaluation

1. Judgment questions

1. Celestial objects are visible to the naked eye. ()

2. Two adjacent celestial bodies must belong to the same celestial body system. ()

3. The asteroid belt is located between the orbits of the Earth-like planets and the giant planets. ()

4． The reason why there is life on the earth is mainly because the cosmic environment in which the earth is located is safe. ()

5. Areas with strong solar radiation must be rich in heat. ()

6． In the polar regions, aurora can be seen at any time. ()

2. Multiple choice questions

The existence form of matter in the universe is called celestial bodies; celestial bodies attract and revolve around each other, forming a celestial body system. Answer questions 7-8 accordingly.

7． The following are celestial bodies ()

①Earth ②Extragalactic galaxy ③Clouds floating in the sky ④Gas and dust in interstellar space ⑤Meteorites ⑥Meteoroids

A. ①②④B. ①③④

C． ②④⑤　D. ①④⑥

8. The levels of the celestial system, from lowest to highest, the correct order is ()

A. Solar system → Milky Way → Earth-Moon system → Observable Universe

B． Milky Way → Extragalactic Galaxy → Solar System → Observable Universe

C． Earth-Moon System → Milky Way → Observable Universe → Extragalactic Galaxy

D． Earth-Moon System → Solar System → Milky Way → Observable Universe

9. Which of the following statements about solar radiation is correct ()

A. Most of the solar radiation energy is delivered to the earth

B． Solar radiation is the main driving force of crustal movement

C． Solar radiation plays an extremely important role in the formation and changes of the geographical environment

D． Coal and oil are formed independently of solar radiation

PPT on the cosmic environment where the earth is located, the third part: teacher-student interaction

The commonality and particularity of the earth

[Scenario introduction temptation]

Searching for extraterrestrial civilization has always been the dream of people on earth. Based on this, the following questions will be explored.

(1) Based on the analysis of the operating characteristics of the eight planets, is the interplanetary space where the earth is located stable and safe?

(2) Why are the average surface temperatures of Mercury and Venus very high, while those of Uranus and Neptune are very low? What impact does too high or too low temperature have on the formation and development of life?

(3) If the earth had no atmosphere, what would be the situation on the earth? What would happen on Earth if the sun's lighting conditions were unstable? and provide reasonable explanations.

Tips: (1) The eight planets orbiting the sun have the characteristics of coplanarity, same direction and nearly circularity. Because the eight planets almost all orbit the sun on the same plane along their own elliptical orbits and in the same direction, without interfering with each other or colliding with each other, the interplanetary space where the earth is located is safe and stable. Conducive to the evolution and development of life on earth.

(2) Mainly related to their distance from the sun. Mercury and Venus are close to the sun and receive a lot of solar radiation, so their temperatures are high; Uranus and Neptune are too far from the sun and receive little solar radiation, so their temperatures are low. If the temperature is too high or too low, it is not conducive to the formation and development of life.

(3) If the earth does not have an atmosphere, it will not form an atmosphere suitable for biological breathing, and it will not protect the earth. The temperature difference between day and night on the earth's surface will increase, which is not conducive to life activities. Once the solar illumination conditions change, the heat received on the earth will also change, thus affecting the temperature and water, thereby affecting the existence of life, and life on the earth may also disappear.

[Breakthrough in core test points]

1. Ordinariness of the Earth

composition of solar system

Ordinariness of the Earth

(1) Compared with other planets, the Earth is an approximately spherical celestial body that does not emit light and is opaque;

(2) The motion characteristics are the same as those of other planets, coplanar, and nearly circular;

(3) Similar to its neighboring planets in terms of mass, volume, density, rotation and revolution period, etc.

2. The special characteristics of the earth - the existence of life

(1) External conditions for the existence of life on earth

The planets in the solar system almost all orbit the sun on the same plane along their own elliptical orbits and in the same direction without interfering with each other, providing a safe cosmic environment for the earth.

(2) The earth has suitable conditions of its own

Self-conditions mainly refer to the temperature, atmosphere and water suitable for biological survival.

PPT on the cosmic environment where the earth is located, part 4: improving literacy

Test Point 1 Celestial Bodies and Celestial Body Systems

(2019·Liaoning Senior High School Entrance Examination Simulation) On January 31, 2018, we observed the beautiful scene of the "Red Moon". This phenomenon is that the moon turns dark red after being blocked by the earth's umbra, and the sun's light is refracted through the atmosphere on the earth's surface to the moon and then reflected back. Because red light has strong penetrating power and other light is absorbed, what you see is a red moon. Complete questions 1-2 accordingly.

1. The highest level of the celestial body system at which the "Red Moon" is located is ()

A. Solar system B. Earth-moon system

C． Extragalactic Galaxy D. Milky Way

2. "Red Moon" should belong to ()

A. Planet b. star

C． satellite d. comet

Test Point 2: The Ordinariness and Particularity of the Earth

NASA announced on February 22, 2017, that an international team of astronomers had discovered seven exoplanets orbiting a single star only 40 light-years away from Earth. The mass and brightness of the central object Trappist-1 are only less than 1/10 and 1/200 of the sun respectively, and the temperature is only 1/2 of the sun. Astronomers believe that this planetary system, which resembles the solar system, is by far the best place to search for extraterrestrial life. Answer questions 3-4 accordingly.

3. It is speculated that this celestial body system belongs to ()

A. Earth-Moon system B. solar system

C． Milky Way D. extragalactic galaxy

4． Astronomers speculate that there may be life in this galaxy. Which of the following aspects need to be used to find evidence ()

①Similar in size to the Earth; ②Exists liquid water; ③Close to the Earth; ④Has a temperature similar to the Earth

A. ①②③B. ②③④

C． ①②④　D． ①③④

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Update Time: 2024-09-07

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