"Atmospheric Heating Process and Thermodynamic Circulation" Physical Geographic Elements and Phenomenon PPT (First Lesson Atmospheric Heating Process)

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"Atmospheric Heating Process and Thermodynamic Circulation" Physical Geographic Elements and Phenomenon PPT (First Lesson Atmospheric Heating Process)

Part One: Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Knowledge

[Self-reading textbook·Fill in key points]

1. The weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation

1. Reflection: ______ and larger particles of dust in the atmosphere can ______ part of the energy of solar radiation into space. The reflection effect of __ is particularly significant.

2. Scattering: When solar radiation encounters ______, dust particles, cloud droplets, etc., it will change the direction of radiation and scatter in all directions.

3. Absorption: When solar radiation passes through the atmosphere, a small portion is ______ by the atmosphere. Absorption has ______, ozone in the stratosphere strongly absorbs ______, water vapor and carbon dioxide in the troposphere mainly absorb ______.

2. The thermal insulation effect of the atmosphere on the ground

1. Reasons for atmospheric warming: absorption of ______ from the ground.

2. Atmospheric reverse radiation: ______ that reaches the ground.

3. The insulation effect of the atmosphere on the ground: ______ returns heat to the ground, compensating to a certain extent for the heat lost by ______.

3. Atmospheric heating process

1. Energy source: ______.

2. Direct heat source: ______.

3. collective effect:

Atmospheric heating process and thermodynamic circulation PPT, part 2 content: Pay attention to problem-based teaching

Question 1: What is the heating process of the atmosphere? Important and difficult test points

[Problem Design]

1. Combined with the temperature difference in Figure A and the earth, use "comprehensive thinking" to analyze why the temperature difference between day and night on the moon's surface is much greater than the temperature difference between day and night on the earth's surface?

Tips: During the day, the temperature on the moon's surface rises very quickly because there is no atmosphere to weaken solar radiation. At night, because there is no atmosphere to insulate, the temperature drops sharply and the temperature is very low, so the temperature difference is large. During the day, the atmosphere on the earth's surface weakens the solar radiation reaching the ground, so the temperature will not be too high; at night, the atmosphere's reverse radiation has a thermal insulation effect, which prevents the temperature from falling too low, so the temperature difference is small.

2. Picture B is a landscape shot of a certain place. From the perspective of "geographical practice", explore why there is snow on the top of the mountain but not in the foothills?

Tip: The main, direct heat source of the atmosphere near the ground is ground radiation. The top of the mountain is far from the ground and the temperature is low, so there is snow; the foothills are close to the ground and the temperature is high, so there is no snow.

[System Cognition]

The heating process and insulation effect of the atmosphere

Solar radiation is the fundamental source of atmospheric heat. Heat is transferred between the ground and the atmosphere: solar radiation → ground warming → ground radiation → atmospheric warming → atmospheric reverse radiation → ground insulation. As shown below:

[Training to pass the test]

Read the schematic diagram of the heating process of the atmosphere and answer questions 1 to 3.

1. In the process of atmospheric heating, the wavelength of radiation is different from other types of radiation in ()

A. Solar radiationB. Ground radiation

C． Atmospheric radiation D. atmospheric reverse radiation

2. The statement about the thermal effects of the atmosphere is incorrect ()

A. During the propagation process of solar radiation energy, part of it is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere, and most of it reaches the ground

B． Most of the solar radiation energy reaches the ground and is absorbed and reflected by the ground

C． The ground absorbs solar radiation and heats up, and at the same time transfers heat to the atmosphere in the form of long-wave radiation.

D． The ground is the main and direct heat source of the atmosphere

3. The energy for atmospheric insulation comes directly from ()

A. Solar radiation b. atmospheric reverse radiation

C． Ground radiation D. atmospheric radiation

Analysis: Question 1, solar radiation is short-wave radiation, and items B, C, and D belong to long-wave radiation. Question 2: Ground long-wave radiation is the main and direct heat source of the atmosphere near the ground, while the heat in the upper atmosphere does not mainly come from the ground. Question 3: Atmospheric reverse radiation compensates for the heat lost by ground radiation and plays a role in thermal insulation.

Question 2: How is the principle of atmospheric heating applied in production and life? Heavy and difficult test points 

[Thinking and exploring]

On a sunny day in the cold winter, when you walk into an enclosed balcony with the doors and windows closed, you will feel unusually warm.

[Problem Design]

1. Use "comprehensive thinking" and combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 to analyze what is the reason for the high temperature of the closed balcony?

Tip: Glass is almost transparent to short-wave solar radiation. Most of the solar radiation can pass through the glass and reach the ground, heating the ground. Glass blocks the long-wave radiation of the ground, preventing the (warm) outside (cold) air in the balcony from convection or Turbulent heat exchange makes the temperature inside the balcony higher than outside the balcony.

2. From the perspective of "geographical practice", what measures can botanical gardens in mid-latitudes take to enable tropical plants to survive the winter safely?

Tips: Move into the greenhouse at the appropriate time; cover with film, straw curtains, etc.

Atmospheric heating process and thermodynamic circulation PPT, part 3: Carry out structural evaluation of thinking

Structural evaluation of thinking - the knowledge contained in weather forecasts

In our daily lives, we can feel weather changes anytime and anywhere. Weather forecasts provide us with accurate weather information, which facilitates our daily production and life. The picture on the right shows the temperature and weather changes in a certain area from August 18 to 22 of a certain year. What information can you take from it and explain it using what you have learned.

[Your evaluation and thinking are perfect]

Student A can see the temperature, but he misstates the cause; Student B's answer is a multi-point structure, and he can accurately obtain relevant information, but lacks corresponding explanations with pictures; Student C's answer is a correlation structure , can accurately describe temperature changes and their causes, but it misses the key point of daily range changes, so it is not perfect.

[Example of perfect thinking]

From August 18th to 22nd, the weather turned from rainy to sunny. The maximum temperature during the day showed an increasing trend, the minimum temperature at night showed a decreasing trend, and the diurnal temperature range tended to increase. Reason: During the day on a sunny day, the atmosphere has a weak weakening effect on solar radiation and the temperature is high. At night, the atmosphere's thermal insulation effect is weak and the temperature is low. On a cloudy and rainy day, the atmosphere's weakening effect on solar radiation is strong during the day and the temperature is low. At night, the atmosphere's thermal insulation effect is strong and the temperature is high.

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Update Time: 2024-11-20

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