"Atmospheric Heating Process and Thermodynamic Circulation" Physical Geographic Elements and Phenomenon PPT

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"Atmospheric Heating Process and Thermodynamic Circulation" Physical Geographic Elements and Phenomenon PPT

Part One: Basic Overview

1. The heating process of the atmosphere

1. fundamental heat source of the atmosphere

For the entire Earth's atmosphere, the fundamental source of heat is __________.

2. The weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation

2. The thermal insulation effect of the atmosphere on the ground

1. The thermal insulation effect of the atmosphere on the ground

(1) Earth warms the atmosphere: ① in the picture above is __________. When it passes through the atmosphere, almost all of it is absorbed by the water vapor and __________ (mainly in the troposphere) in the atmosphere.

(2) The atmosphere warms the earth: ② in the picture above is __________, which has a __________ effect on the ground.

2. The common significance of the atmosphere's weakening effect on solar radiation and its insulation effect on the ground

Shrinking the __________ of temperature reduces the range of temperature changes near the surface, thereby providing suitable temperature conditions for the growth and development of organisms and human activities.

3. Thermodynamic circulation and atmospheric movement

1. thermodynamic circulation

(1)Cause of formation: ground__________.

(2) Formation process

① When ground A is heated, the air rises, forming __________; at point D, the air density increases, forming __________.

②B and C are cooled and the air sinks, forming __________; the air density at F and E decreases, forming __________.

③On the same horizontal plane, the airflow flows from __________ to __________.

2. Horizontal movement of the atmosphere - wind

Atmospheric heating process and thermodynamic circulation PPT, part 2: independent evaluation

1. Judgment questions

1. The atmosphere's absorption of solar radiation is selective, and carbon dioxide mainly absorbs ultraviolet light. ()

2. The blue color of a clear sky is the result of atmospheric absorption. ()

3. Generally speaking, the thinner the clouds, the more solar radiation reaches the ground. ()

4． Ground radiation is short-wave radiation, and solar radiation is long-wave radiation. ()

5. Solar radiation is the main direct heat source of the atmosphere. ()

6． Regardless of the northern and southern hemispheres, the wind direction at high and low altitudes is the same. ()

2. Multiple choice questions

7． The atmosphere's absorption of solar radiation is selective. Which of the following statements is wrong ()

A. Ozone strongly absorbs ultraviolet rays from solar radiation

B． Water vapor and carbon dioxide strongly absorb infrared rays from solar radiation

C． The atmosphere absorbs less of the visible part of solar radiation

D． The atmosphere strongly absorbs the energetic visible part of solar radiation.

8. The direct cause of the warming of the atmosphere near the ground is the absorption of ()

A. Solar radiationB. Ground radiation

C． Atmospheric radiationD. atmospheric reverse radiation

9. The driving force behind the horizontal movement of the atmosphere is ()

A. horizontal pressure gradient force

B． geostrophic deflection

C． Friction

D． Three forces combined

10. The two forces that cause horizontal motion in the atmosphere at high altitudes are ()

① Horizontal pressure gradient force ② Geostrophic deflection force

③Friction ④Centrifugal force

A. ①②B． ②③

C． ①③ D. ③④

Atmospheric heating process and thermodynamic circulation PPT, the third part: teacher-student interaction

The heating process of the atmosphere

[Scenario introduction temptation]

Read the diagram of the insulation effect of the atmosphere on the ground and explore the following questions.

(1)Write the meaning of the arrows represented by the letters in the picture:

A______________;B______________;C____________;

D______________;G______________;I____________.

(2) From a quantitative point of view, the reason A>D is _______________________________________________.

The function of I in the picture is ____________________________.

(3) Compare the diurnal temperature differences between sunny days and cloudy days and analyze their causes.

(4) In late autumn, in areas with cold wave activity in northern my country, farmers often use fires to produce thick smoke in vegetable fields to prevent large-scale freeze damage to crops. What is the main reason?

Tips: (1) Solar radiation: Solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere; Solar radiation reflected and scattered by the atmosphere; Solar radiation reaching the ground; Ground radiation absorbed by the atmosphere; Atmospheric reverse radiation

(2) The weakening effect of the atmosphere compensates for the heat loss from the ground

(3) The diurnal range is large on sunny days and small on cloudy days. On a sunny day, the weakening effect of the atmosphere during the day is weak and the temperature is high; at night, the atmospheric reverse radiation is weak, the temperature is low, and the temperature difference is large. On a cloudy day, the weakening effect of the atmosphere is strong during the day and the temperature is lower than on a sunny day; at night, the atmospheric reverse radiation is strong and the temperature is higher than on a sunny day, so the temperature difference is smaller than on a sunny day.

(4) Dense smoke absorbs ground radiation, enhances atmospheric reverse radiation, and reduces the cooling rate.

[Point tracking training]

Read the picture (e and f in the picture represent different effects, and a, b, c, and d represent different radiation) and answer questions 1 to 2.

1. What insulates the ground is ()

A. Radiation indicated by arrow a B. Radiation indicated by arrow b

C． Radiation indicated by arrow c D. Radiation indicated by arrow d

2. When the amount of clouds and water vapor in the atmosphere increases ()

① Arrow f may be enhanced; ② Arrow e may be enhanced; ③ Arrow c may be enhanced; ④ Arrow a may be enhanced

A. ①②④B. ②③④

C． ①③④　D． ①②③

thermodynamic circulation

[Scenario introduction temptation]

Read the material and explore the following questions.

Kongming lanterns, also called sky lanterns, are said to have been invented by Zhuge Kongming during the Three Kingdoms period. At that time, Zhuge Kongming was besieged by Sima Yi in Pingyang and was unable to send troops out of the city to ask for help. Kong Ming made a floating paper lantern, tied it with a message for help, and later escaped from danger, so later generations called this kind of lantern Kong Ming Lantern.

(1) How does the Kongming Lantern get lifted into the sky?

(2) What kind of atmospheric principle is contained in the Kongming Lantern?

(3) Draw the thermodynamic circulation in the figure below, sort the four points A, B, C, and D in descending order of air pressure and temperature, and explain the judgment process.

Tips: (1) The air in the Kongming Lantern expands and rises after being heated.

(2) Thermodynamic circulation.

Air pressure: PA>PD>PC>PB. Draw a horizontal line each at high altitude and near the ground for reference. The air pressure near the ground is higher than that at high altitude, that is, PA>PB, PD>PC; the air pressure of a point below the same isobaric surface is higher than that of a point above the isobaric surface, that is, PA>PD ,PC>PB.

Temperature: TD>TA>TC>TB. Draw a horizontal line each at high altitude and near the ground for reference. The air temperature near the ground is higher than that at high altitude, that is, TA>TB, TD>TC; the air temperature near the ground where the updraft prevails is higher than that at other places at the same altitude, so TD>TA; rising The air flow increases the temperature at C, TC>TB.

Atmospheric heating process and thermodynamic circulation PPT, Part 4: Improving literacy

Test point 1: The heating process of the atmosphere

(2019•End of the first semester of high school in Lianyungang) Figure A is a schematic diagram of the atmospheric heating process, and Figure B is a schematic diagram of the weather in Jinan City on December 15 and 16, 2018. Read the picture and answer questions 1-2.

1. The heat transfer process that increases the temperature of the atmosphere near the ground is ()

A. ①→②→③　B． ①→②→④

C． ②→③→④　D． ②→④→③

2. Compared with the 15th, the main reason for the change in daily temperature range on the 16th is ()

A. ① weaken, ③ strengthen B. ② weaken, ③ strengthen

C． ②Intensify, ③Weaken D. ② strengthen, ④ weaken

Test Point 2: Thermodynamic Circulation

(2019•Final of the first semester of senior high school in Tianjin Six Schools) The picture below is a schematic diagram of the near-surface and high-altitude air pressure conditions (caused by thermal factors) in a certain place. Read the picture and answer questions 3-4.

3. The picture shows the comparison of the pressure values ​​of A, B, C and D. The correct one is ()

A. A>B>C>D B. A>B>D>C

C． B>A>C>D D. B>A>D>C

4． At this time, the correct statement about place A and place B is ()

A. The temperature in place A is higher than that in place B

B． The humidity in place A is higher than that in place B

C． Vertical airflow sinks in place B

D． Location B is prone to rainy days

Test point 3 Horizontal movement of the atmosphere - wind

The horizontal movement of the atmosphere is wind. The formation of wind is affected by many factors. The wind direction and wind speed are different under different conditions. Answer questions 5-6 accordingly.

5. The force that only affects the wind direction but not the wind speed is ()

A. Only the geostrophic deflection force

B． Horizontal pressure gradient force and friction force

C． Geostrophic deflection and friction

D． Horizontal pressure gradient force and geostrophic deflection force

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Update Time: 2024-07-04

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