"Laboratory Preparation Method of Chlorine Gas Testing of Chloride Ions" Chlorine and its Compounds PPT

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"Laboratory Preparation Method of Chlorine Gas Testing of Chloride Ions" Chlorine and its Compounds PPT

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. How to make chlorine gas

Laboratory preparation of chlorine gas

(1) Reaction principle: heating with MnO2 and concentrated hydrochloric acid in the laboratory

The reaction produces Cl2. The chemical equation of the reaction is ____________________________,

The ionic equation is_______________________________.

(2) Experimental device

The function of the NaOH solution in the beaker is___________________________.

【Think about it】

(1) When concentrated hydrochloric acid reacts with a sufficient amount of MnO2, can HCl react completely? Why?

Tip: No, because as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of hydrochloric acid becomes smaller, and MnO2 does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(2) How to check that the chlorine gas has been fully collected?

Tip: Place the moist starch KI test paper on the mouth of the bottle. Cl2 can make the moist starch KI test paper turn blue.

2. Test of Cl-

1. Experimental research

2. Testing methods for chloride ions

(1) Operation method: Add ________ to the unknown solution first, then add ________.

(2) Phenomenon: _________ is produced, and when dilute nitric acid is added, _________ is precipitated.

(3)Principle:_______________.

(4) The purpose of adding dilute nitric acid is to eliminate the interference of _____ plasma.

【Situation·Thinking】

There is a bowl of water at home. My sister says it is distilled water and my brother says it is salt water. How can I prove whether this bowl of water contains NaCl?

Tips: Use the yellow color of the flame test to prove the presence of Na+; add silver nitrate solution acidified with nitric acid to generate a white precipitate, proving the presence of Cl-.

Laboratory preparation method of chlorine gas and testing of chloride ions PPT, Part 2 content: Key capabilities and literacy formation

Knowledge point 1: Laboratory preparation method of chlorine

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Preparation process

2. Fully verified

【Think·Discussion】

(1) In the chlorine gas preparation device in the laboratory, can the gas scrubbing bottles containing saturated salt water and concentrated sulfuric acid be reversed? Why?

Tip: No. If the position is reversed and the concentrated sulfuric acid absorbs water vapor, the gas will be mixed with water vapor when it passes through the saturated brine.

(2) Can 1 mol Cl2 be produced by reacting 1 mol MnO2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid containing 4 mol HCl? Why?

Tip: MnO2 reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid but not with dilute hydrochloric acid. As the reaction progresses and the concentrated hydrochloric acid becomes dilute, the remaining HCl no longer reacts with MnO2, so the Cl2 produced by reacting 1 mol MnO2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid containing 4 mol HCl Less than 1 mol.

(3) A classmate thinks that clear lime water can be used instead of sodium hydroxide solution for tail gas treatment, and bleaching powder can also be produced. Do you think this classmate’s idea is reasonable?

Tip: Unreasonable. The concentration of clarified lime water is very small and cannot ensure that chlorine is completely absorbed. The reaction of chlorine and lime milk should be used to prepare bleaching powder.

Knowledge Point 2: Take the preparation of chlorine gas as an example to explore the ideas of laboratory gas preparation

[Key points to clarify doubts]

1. Basic ideas for designing gas preparation equipment

2. Connection sequence of gas preparation equipment

3. Analysis of device key points

(1) Assembly of gas generating device:

① General principles for assembling instruments: start with parts and then complete, first main and then auxiliary, from bottom to top, from left to right.

② Before loading the medicine, check the air tightness of the device. The basic method is: generally insert the air tube into the water tank, close the relevant piston, and heat the main generator slightly. If bubbles emerge from the water, stop After slight heating, the water will be sucked back into the air duct to form a water column, indicating that the air tightness of the device is good.

③Common gas generating devices are shown in the figure

Solid + solid gas (as shown in figure a),

Solid + liquid → gas (as shown in b and c),

Solid + liquid gas (as shown in d and e),

Liquid + liquid → gas (as shown in d and e).

(2) Assembly of impurity removal, purification and drying equipment:

①Purification principle: Do not reduce the amount of gas to be purified; do not introduce new impurities; easy to operate and easy to separate.

②Purification device:

Device Ⅰ (gas washing bottle): contains liquid impurity removal reagent, the direction of air flow is long tube in, short tube out.

Device II (drying tube): Contains solid impurity removal reagents. The direction of air flow is inlet through the coarse port and out through the thin port.

Laboratory preparation method of chlorine gas and testing of chloride ions PPT, part 3 content: knowledge association·literacy application

【Core Integration】

1. Two-dimensional valence state diagram of chlorine element

2. Example analysis

(1) When fresh petals are placed in dry chlorine gas, the observed phenomenon is _________, and the reason is __________________________________________________.

(2) Chlorine water will turn into dilute hydrochloric acid when left for a long time or under light conditions, and oxygen will be released at the same time, indicating that hypochlorous acid _______, and the chemical equation of the reaction is ____________________.

【Literacy transfer】

1. Which of the following statements about chlorine is correct ()

A. Chlorine gas can react with iron at room temperature, so iron cans cannot be used to store liquid chlorine.

B. Hydrogen chloride can be produced by igniting the mixed gas of hydrogen and chlorine.

C. Chlorine is very oxidizing and can generally oxidize reducing agents to their highest valence state.

D. There are 7 electrons in the outermost shell of the chlorine atom, so the chlorine element has only -1 valence and +7 valence.

[Analysis] Choose C. Chlorine is a non-metallic substance with very active chemical properties. It can be combined with almost all metals, but it usually requires heating when reacting with metals. Dry chlorine cannot react with iron at room temperature or low temperature, so iron cans can be used at room temperature. When storing liquid chlorine, A is incorrect; hydrogen burning in the air can continue to burn quietly in chlorine to generate hydrogen chloride. This principle is used in industry to prepare hydrogen chloride, but if the mixed gas of hydrogen and chlorine is ignited , then an explosion may occur, B is incorrect;

2. (2019·Shaoyang Grade 1 Test) If colored cloth strips soaked in bleaching powder solution are left in the air, the bleaching effect will be better after a period of time. The reason may be ()

A. The bleaching powder is oxidized

B. The colored cloth strips are oxidized by oxygen in the air

C. Bleaching powder reacts fully with CO2 in the air and generates a larger amount of HClO

D. The bleaching powder solution evaporates part of the water and its concentration increases.

[Analysis] Choose C. For bleaching powder, its bleaching effect is mainly caused by hypochlorous acid. When the bleaching powder is placed in the air, the bleaching powder will react with CO2 and H2O in the air: Ca(ClO)2+CO2+H2O=== =CaCO3↓+2HClO, so the concentration of HClO will increase and the bleaching effect will become better.

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Update Time: 2024-09-22

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