"Molar Volume of Gas" Amount of Substance PPT

Description

"Molar Volume of Gas" Amount of Substance PPT

Part One: Goals and Competencies:

1. Know the concept of gas molar volume and be able to perform simple calculations using the relationship between the amount of material, the molar volume of gas, and the volume of gas under standard conditions. (Macroscopic identification)

2. Understand Avogadro's Law and its corollary, and be able to use Avogadro's Law to solve simple problems. (Evidential reasoning and model cognition)

Gas molar volume PPT, part 2: independent preview to explore new knowledge

1. Factors affecting the volume of matter

Do different solid or liquid substances with the same number of particles have the same volume under the same conditions?

[Tips]Different. Because the volume of solids and liquids is mainly affected by the number of molecules and the size of the molecules themselves, and the molecular sizes of different solids and liquids are different.

2. Gas molar volume

(1) The applicable range of gas molar volume is gas. Does it have to be pure gas?

[ Tips Special attention should be paid to the premise that no chemical reaction occurs between the gases in the mixed gas.

(2) Is the molar volume of gas under non-standard conditions definitely not 22.4 L·mol-1?

[Tips] Not necessarily. The molar volume of gas under standard conditions is 22.4 L·mol-1. As the temperature increases, the volume increases, and as the pressure increases, the volume decreases. Therefore, under appropriate conditions of temperature and pressure, the gas molar volume may also be 22.4 L·mol-1.

3. Avogadro’s Law

1. Content: The same volume of any gas at the same temperature and pressure contains the same number of particles.

2. Scope of application: Avogadro's law and its corollary are only applicable to gases, which can be single gases or mixed gases. They are not applicable to solids and liquids.

3. The rule of "three similarities determines one": as long as there are "three similarities" among the same temperature, same pressure, same volume, and the same number of molecules, there must be a "fourth similarity".

Two containers of the same volume, one containing oxygen and the other containing hydrogen, under the same temperature and pressure, what is the relationship between the number of gas molecules in the two containers?

[Tips] Same. At the same temperature and pressure, different gases of the same volume have the same number of particles.

1. Judge whether it is true or false (mark “√” if it is correct and “×” if it is wrong)

(1) Under the same conditions, the volume of 1 mol of any substance is the same ()

(2) Under the same temperature and pressure, the volume of 1 mol of gas is 22.4 L()

(3) Under standard conditions, the volume of 1 mol of any substance is approximately 22.4 L()

(4) At the same temperature and pressure, the volumes of gases with the same amount of substances are the same ()

2. Assume NA represents the value of Avogadro's constant. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. At normal temperature and pressure, the number of atoms contained in 11.2 L CO2 is 1.5NA

B． At normal temperature and pressure, the number of oxygen atoms contained in 48 g O3 is 3NA

C． Under standard conditions, the number of molecules contained in 22.4 L H2O is NA

D． Under standard conditions, the number of atoms contained in 22.4 L H2 is NA

Gas molar volume PPT, the third part: core breakthroughs and difficult difficulties

Gas molar volume and related calculations

1. Gas molar volume under standard conditions

(1) 1 condition: it must be a standard condition. Under non-standard conditions, the volume of 1 mol of gas is not necessarily 22.4 L. So when using gas molar volume. Be sure to see clearly the state of the gas.

(2) 1 state: must be a gas, and any gas can be used, including mixed gases. Substances such as water, alcohol, gasoline, and CCl4 are not gases under standard conditions.

(3) 2 data: "1 mol" and "about 22.4".

2. gas molar volume calculation

3. "Five" Method for Solving Gas Molar Mass

(1) According to the mass of the substance (m) and the amount of the substance (n): M=m/n.

(2) According to the number of particles (N) and Avogadro’s constant (NA) in a substance with a certain mass (m): M=NA·m/N.

(3) According to the density ρ of gas under standard conditions: M=ρ×22.4 (g·mol-1).

(4) According to the relative density of gas at the same temperature and pressure (D=ρ1/ρ2): M1/M2=D.

(5) For the mixed gas, find its average molar mass. The above calculation formula still holds; it can also be calculated with the following formula: M=M1×a%+M2×b%+M3×c%...a%, b%, c% Refers to the amount fraction (or volume fraction) of each component in a mixture.

Gas molar volume PPT, part 4 content: Improving quality by meeting standards in class

1. Which of the following statements about the factors that determine the volume of matter is incorrect ()

A. The volume of a substance depends on the number of particles, particle size and distance between particles

B. Under the same conditions, any gas with the same number of particles has the same volume.

C. At the same temperature and pressure, 1 mol of any substance occupies the same volume.

D. For the same mass of H2, the smaller the pressure and the higher the temperature, the larger the volume occupied by the gas.

C: From a microscopic perspective, the volume of a substance is determined by the number of particles, particle size and distance between particles. A is correct; gases with the same number of particles have the same amount of material and the same volume under the same conditions, B is correct; C The conclusion above only applies to gaseous substances, C is wrong; the smaller the pressure and the higher the temperature, the larger the gas volume, D is correct. ]

2. Which of the following descriptions about the molar volume of gases is correct ()

A. At a certain temperature and pressure, the volume occupied by a unit amount of gas is the molar volume of the gas.

B． The molar volume of gas under normal conditions is approximately 22.4 L

C． The molar volume of gas under standard conditions is approximately 22.4 L

D． Under standard conditions, the volume of 1 mol O2 is 22.4 L·mol-1

A: Under a certain temperature and pressure, the volume occupied by a unit amount of gas is the molar volume of the gas. A is correct; the molar volume of gas under standard conditions is approximately 22.4 L·mol-1, the volume of 1 mol O2 It is 22.4 L, B, C and D are wrong. ]

3. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. Under standard conditions, the volume of 1 mol of water is 22.4 L

B． The volume of 1 mol of any gas is 22.4 L

C． Under standard conditions, the total volume of the mixed gas of 0.3 mol N2 and 0.7 mol O2 is approximately 22.4 L

D． Under normal circumstances, the volume of 1 mol N2 is approximately 22.4 L

C: Item A, water is a liquid, and does not apply to gas molar volume; item B does not specify the condition of the gas; item C, the mixed gas totals 1 mol, and the volume under standard conditions is approximately 22.4 L, C is correct; item D is usually In this case, the volume of 1 mol N2 is not 22.4 L. ]

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Update Time: 2024-10-01

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