"Alloy" Metal Materials PPT Download

Description

"Alloy" Metal Materials PPT Download

Part One: Literacy Goals

1. Connect with people’s applications of metals and alloys in life, understand the composition and characteristics of alloys, gain an in-depth understanding of the compositions and uses of common ferroalloys, aluminum alloys, and new alloys, and cultivate scientific spirit and social responsibility.

2. Combining the use of aluminum products in life, understand the protective effect of aluminum oxide film on aluminum products, and explore through experiments the reactions of metallic aluminum and aluminum oxide with acid and alkali solutions, especially the understanding of the two properties of aluminum oxide, and improve the Classify oxides based on their properties and cultivate experimental inquiry capabilities and innovation awareness.

Alloy PPT, part 2: independent preview before class

Knowledge foundation

1. Metals have many common physical properties, such as opacity, metallic luster, easy conductivity, easy thermal conductivity, and ductility.

2. The most commonly used alloys in production and life are pig iron and steel, and the earliest metal used in history is copper.

Preview of new knowledge

1. Concept and characteristics of alloys

2. Iron alloy

1. Classification of ferroalloys

2. Classification of steel

(1) Steel is the most widely used alloy and is divided into carbon steel and alloy steel according to its chemical composition.

(2)Carbon steel

(3)Alloy steel

① Also called special steel, special properties: high strength, hardness, good plasticity, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.

②Stainless steel

3. Aluminum and aluminum alloys

1.Aluminum element

(1) React with oxygen: Aluminum is relatively active and can react with oxygen in the air at room temperature, forming a dense aluminum oxide film on the surface.

[Micro Thought 1] Aluminum is an active metal. Why can aluminum products exist stably in the air?

Tip: The surface of aluminum products is covered with a dense aluminum oxide film, which protects the internal metal.

(2) Reaction with acid (hydrochloric acid): 2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2↑.

(3) Reaction with strong alkali (NaOH) solution: 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑.

2.Alumina

(1) Reaction with acid (hydrochloric acid): Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O.

(2) Reaction with strong alkali (NaOH) solution: Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O.

Amphoteric oxides: oxides that can react with acids to form salts and water, and can react with alkali to form salts and water, such as Al2O3.

[Micro Thought 2] (1) Can aluminum tableware be used to store acidic or alkaline food for a long time in daily life?

Tip: No, because both Al and Al2O3 can react with acids and alkalis.

(2) What is the relationship between metal oxides and basic oxides, acidic oxides, and amphoteric oxides?

It is suggested that most metal oxides are basic oxides, such as Na2O, CaO, etc.; a few metal oxides are amphoteric oxides, such as Al2O3, ZnO, etc., and some metal oxides are acidic oxides, such as Mn2O7.

3.Aluminum alloy

(1) The alloy elements in aluminum alloys include Cu, Mg, Si, Mn, Zn and rare earth elements.

(2)Duralumin

(3)Rare earth elements

Contains elements: lanthanide series elements (from lanthanum to lutetium, 15 elements with atomic numbers from 57 to 71), scandium and yttrium, a total of 17 elements.

[Micro Thought 3] Why are rare earth elements called “vitamins of the metallurgical industry”?

Tip: Adding an appropriate amount of rare earth metals to the alloy can greatly improve the properties of the alloy.

4. New alloys

1. New alloys: hydrogen storage alloys, titanium alloys, heat-resistant alloys (such as nickel-cobalt alloys composed of nickel, iron, carbon and cobalt) and shape memory alloys, etc.

2. Hydrogen storage alloy: It is a type of material that can absorb a large amount of hydrogen and combine with hydrogen to form metal hydride.

Autonomous testing

1. Judge whether it is right or wrong (mark “√” if it is correct and “×” if it is wrong).

(1) Any metal can form an alloy through fusion. ()

(2) Alloys are mixtures and have no fixed melting and boiling points. ()

(3) The reason why aluminum metal is suitable for making doors and windows is that it is easy to process and resists corrosion. ()

(4)Al2O3 is both an acidic oxide and a basic oxide. ()

(5)Al2O3 can react with all acids or bases. ()

(6) The mass of H2 produced by the reaction of equal masses of Al and sufficient hydrochloric acid and NaOH solutions is the same. ()

(7) Hydrochloric acid and NaOH solutions of equal volumes and equal concentrations react with sufficient amounts of Al to produce the same mass of H2. ()

Answer(1)√　(2)√(3)×　(4)×　(5)×　(6)√　(7)×

2. Among the following metals, the oxide layer naturally formed on the surface can protect the inner metal from being oxidized by air ()

A.Cu B.Na

C.Fe D.Al

AnswerD

Analysis: Al easily forms a dense Al2O3 oxide film in the air to protect the inner metal.

3. Which of the following statements about alloys is correct ()

①Has the characteristics of metal

②Made by fusion

③ Contains two or more metals or metals and non-metals

④ Generally speaking, the melting point of the alloy is lower than the melting point of each component

A.①② B.③④

C.②③④ D.All

AnswerD

Analytical alloys are generally substances with metallic properties formed by the fusion of two or more metals (or metals and non-metals). Their melting points are generally lower than those of the component metals and their hardness is higher than those of the component metals.

Alloy PPT, the third part: classroom exploration and learning

Compositions, properties and applications of common alloys

Question exploration

1. Can the ingredients that form alloys only be metals?

Hint is not. An alloy is a substance formed by the fusion of two or more metals or metals and non-metals, and has certain metallic properties.

2. What is the earliest alloy used in my country? What are its main components?

Cue bronze; the main ingredients are copper, tin and lead.

3. Why are magnesium-aluminum alloys widely used in aircraft?

Tip: Because it has the characteristics of low density, high strength, and relatively cheap price.

4. What properties do alloys usually have that are better than the pure metals they are composed of?

Tip: Alloys have many excellent physical, chemical or mechanical properties and are different from the component metals in many aspects. For example, the hardness of an alloy is generally greater than that of its component metals, and the melting point of most alloys is generally lower than that of its component metals.

Su Neng application

Typical Example 1 Compared with metallic materials made of pure metals, the advantages of alloys are ()

①The hardness of the alloy is generally greater than that of its component metals

② Generally, the melting point of an alloy is lower than that of its component metals

③ By changing the ratio of raw materials and the conditions for producing alloys, alloys with different properties can be obtained

④Alloys have stronger electrical conductivity than pure metals

⑤Alloys have a wider range of applications than pure metals

A.①②③⑤ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①②④⑤

AnswerA

Analytical alloys generally have lower melting points and higher hardness than their component metals, and have better machining properties, so they have a wider range of applications. However, the conductivity of alloys is not necessarily stronger than that of pure metals. For example, the conductivity of aluminum alloys is higher than that of pure metals. Aluminum is worse.

Error-prone reminder (1) Alloys are mixtures rather than pure substances. (2) Alloys have many excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties. They are different from the component metals in many aspects and are not simple additions. However, in terms of chemical properties, it is generally believed that the alloy embodies the chemical properties of the component metals. (3) Not any two metals can form an alloy. The premise of two metals forming an alloy is that both metals can melt in the same temperature range. If the melting point of one metal is higher than the boiling point of the other metal, then the two metals will form an alloy. cannot form alloys.

Variation training 1 Iron is one of the earliest metals used by humans. According to relevant reports, iron with a purity as high as 99.9999% can now be smelted. The actual use range of pure iron is limited, and people use iron alloys in large quantities. Steel is the general term for iron-carbon alloys, which are high in strength, cheap and widely used. Among the following understandings about stainless steel and ordinary steel, which one do you think is correct ()

A. Their constituent elements are the same

B. Different corrosion resistance properties

C. They all belong to steel, so their physical properties are the same

D. The main elements that make up ordinary steel and stainless steel are iron, so their chemical properties are exactly the same

Answer B

Analysis Stainless steel is a steel made by adding various elements such as Cr and Ni on the basis of ordinary steel. It can maintain its metallic luster in the air, which means it is not easy to rust. The addition of chromium forms a dense and strong oxide film on the surface of stainless steel, preventing internal iron from contacting external substances. The addition of nickel enables stainless steel to have good chemical stability and corrosion resistance in a variety of acid, alkali, and salt aqueous solutions. To sum up, stainless steel has excellent properties and is different from ordinary steel in many aspects, so item B is correct.

Consider the following questions:

(1) How to remove aluminum powder from magnesium powder?

Tip: Add sufficient NaOH solution to the sample, then filter, wash, and dry.

(2) What is the relationship between the amount of hydrogen generated when an equal amount of aluminum reacts with a sufficient amount of dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution?

The tips are the same.

(3) What is the relationship between the mass of H2 produced when NaOH solution and dilute hydrochloric acid of equal concentration and volume react with a sufficient amount of aluminum?

Tip 3:1.

(4) Al reacts with NaOH solution and dilute hydrochloric acid of equal concentration to produce H2 of equal mass. What is the required volume ratio of NaOH solution and dilute hydrochloric acid?

Tip 1:3.

Alloy PPT, Part 4: On-site testing

1. Some data show that too much residual accumulation of aluminum in the human body will have adverse effects on brain development. It is recommended to use stainless steel instead of aluminum alloy as a material to make daily necessities such as kitchenware. Which of the following statements is incorrect ()

A. Stainless steel contains iron, nickel and chromium

B. Stainless steel is an iron alloy

C. Stainless steel is non-corrosive

D. Stainless steel must not be corroded

AnswerD

Analysis Stainless steel is an iron alloy containing nickel and chromium elements, and its main component is iron. Stainless steel itself is non-corrosive and has strong corrosion resistance, but stainless steel is not absolutely immune to corrosion.

2. Regarding the reaction between aluminum and caustic soda solution, which of the following statements is incorrect ()

A. Aluminum is a reducing agent

B. This reaction is a redox reaction

C. This reaction shows that all metals can react with bases

D.H2 is the reduction product

AnswerC

Analyzing the chemical equation of the reaction between aluminum and caustic soda solution is 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑. Analyzing the valence changes of elements shows that the reaction is a redox reaction, aluminum is the reducing agent, and H2 is the reduction product. A, B, and D are correct. Aluminum can react with caustic soda solution, but it does not mean that all metals can react with alkali. For example, magnesium, iron, copper, etc. do not react with alkali solution.

3. Which of the following reactions does not produce hydrogen ()

A. Put elemental sodium into water

B. Put aluminum into sodium hydroxide solution

C. Sodium oxide is put into water

D. Pour water vapor into the iron powder to maintain high temperature

AnswerC

Analyze item A, the reaction is 2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑; item B, the reaction is 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑; item C, Na2O reacts with H2O to form NaOH; item D, the reaction is 3Fe+4H2O( g) Fe3O4+4H2.

Keywords: Free download of PPT courseware for high school chemistry compulsory course 1 from the People's Education Press, alloy PPT download, metal material PPT download, .PPT format;

For more information about the "Metal Materials Alloys" PPT courseware, please click the Metal Materials ppt Alloy ppt tag.

"End of Chapter Review Lesson" Iron Metal Materials PPT:

"End of Chapter Review Class" Iron Metal Materials PPT Special Topic Summary of the Application of Practice Conservation Method in Chemical Calculations Conservation Relationship Characteristics Mass Conservation Macroscopically: Conservation of mass of substances before and after reaction Microscopically: Conservation of the number of atoms of elements before and after reaction Electron conservation Oxidation and reduction. .

"Integration Improvement at the End of Chapter" Iron Metal Material PPT:

"End-of-Chapter Integration Improvement" Iron Metal Materials PPT Part One Content: Method 1 Common Methods of Chemical Calculation Conservation Method [Typical Example 1] Add 100mL1mol/L to a certain amount of Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 mixture Hydrochloric acid, just enough to completely dissolve the mixture, releases 224..

"Metal Materials" Iron Metal Materials PPT (Application of the quantity of matter in the calculation of chemical equations in Lesson 2):

"Metal Materials" Iron Metal Materials PPT (Application of the amount of matter in the calculation of chemical equations in Lesson 2) Part One Content: Learning Objectives Course Standards 1. Combined with chemical equations to understand the amount of matter, molar mass, gas molar volume, and matter Concepts such as quantity and concentration...

File Info

Update Time: 2024-10-02

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press High School Chemistry Compulsory Course I industry PPT template

Preview