"Comprehensive Calculation of Heat, Calorific Value and Thermal Efficiency" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT

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"Comprehensive Calculation of Heat, Calorific Value and Thermal Efficiency" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT

Type 1: Calculation of general heat absorption and heat release

1. On June 2, 2017, CCTV reported that my country achieved continuous and stable gas production from "combustible ice" on the bottom of the South China Sea for 22 days. When 2 m3 of combustible ice with a calorific value of 5.6×109 J/m3 is completely burned, the heat released is __________J, which is equivalent to the heat released by ________m3 of natural gas with a calorific value of 2.8×107 J/m3.

2. Use two identical electric heaters to heat substance A and water with the same mass of 2 kg. The relationship between their temperature changes with time is shown in Figure ZT-1-1. Based on this, it is judged that the heat absorbed by substance A in 10 minutes is ____________J. [cWater=4.2×103 J/(kg·℃)]

3. Under standard atmospheric pressure, water with a mass of 10 kg absorbs 1.26×106 J of heat, and its temperature can rise from 72 ℃ to ________. [The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103 J/(kg·℃)]

4. [2017·Qianxinan Prefecture]A school boiler uses natural gas as fuel to heat water. It is known that the calorific value of natural gas is 4.0×107 J/m3 (excluding heat loss).

(1) How much heat can be obtained by completely burning 4.2 m3 of natural gas?

(2) How many degrees Celsius can 1000 kg of water rise from 30 ℃ with this heat?

5. Chongqing is rich in hot spring resources and is known as the "Hot Spring Capital". The hot spring water mainly relies on geothermal heat, with temperatures mostly above 60°C. Take hot spring water with a mass of 400 g and a temperature of 60 ℃ and heat it. After absorbing 5.04×104 J of heat, how many degrees Celsius will the temperature rise to? Will the water boil at this time? [Assuming that the air pressure at that time is standard atmospheric pressure, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2×103 J/(kg·℃)]

Type 2 Application of heat balance equation

6． Two cups of cold water, A and B, have the same mass and the same initial temperature. When metal copper balls and aluminum balls (c copper < c aluminum), which have the same mass and initial temperature but have a higher temperature than water, are put into two cups of cold water respectively, regardless of heat loss and the water does not overflow, equilibrium is reached ()

A. The cup of water containing the copper ball is too hot

B． The temperature of the glass of water containing the aluminum balls is high

C. Two glasses of water have the same temperature

D． All of the above are possible

7． Two cups A and B contain water of the same quality at 60 ℃ and 20 ℃ respectively. Now put an iron ball with a temperature of 20 ℃ into cup A for a long enough time. After taking it out, put it into cup B again and let it stay for a long enough time. If heat loss is not included and the temperature changes of the water in cups A and B are compared, then ()

A. ΔtA<ΔtB B. ΔtA>ΔtB

C. ΔtA=ΔtB D. Unable to determine

8. A red-hot iron nail with a mass of 2 g has a temperature of 600 ℃. If its temperature is reduced to 100 ℃, the heat released is _______J. If all this heat is used to heat 100 g of water at room temperature, the water temperature will increase by ________°C. [It is known that the specific heat capacity of iron is 0.46×103 J/(kg·℃) and that of water is 4.2×103 J/(kg·℃)]

9. Two objects A and B with equal masses and initial temperatures of 10 ℃ are put into two cups of equal mass hot water with a temperature of 60 ℃ respectively. After thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the hot water in the cup of A has dropped by 5 ℃, and the temperature of the hot water in the cup of B has dropped by 5 ℃. The temperature of the hot water in the cup has dropped by 20°C. Regardless of heat loss, the ratio of the specific heat capacities of objects A and B is ________.

10. After mixing cold water with a mass of 4 kg and hot water with a mass of 3 kg and a temperature of 80 ℃, the final temperature is 40 ℃, excluding heat loss, then: The specific heat capacity of water is c=4.2×103 J/ (kg·℃)]

(1) How many joules is the heat released by hot water?

(2) What is the original temperature of the cold water in degrees Celsius?

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Update Time: 2024-09-05

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