"Chlorine and its Compounds" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT (Lesson 2 Laboratory preparation method of chlorine and test of chloride ions)

Description

"Chlorine and its Compounds" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT (Lesson 2 Laboratory preparation method of chlorine and test of chloride ions)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Be able to select experimental equipment to prepare chlorine gas according to the reaction principle.

2. Establish safety awareness and environmental awareness through research activities on producing chlorine in the laboratory.

3. Understand the testing methods for chloride ions.

core competencies

1. Scientific inquiry and innovation awareness: Select common experimental instruments, devices and reagents to complete experiments such as the preparation of chlorine gas and the detection of chloride ions.

2. Scientific attitude and social responsibility: Through a series of scientific inquiry activities such as exploring the properties of chlorine, we will enhance safety awareness and cultivate a rigorous and realistic scientific spirit.

Chlorine and its compounds PPT, Part 2 content: Knowledge point 1 Laboratory preparation method of chlorine gas

1. Experimental principle: The chemical equation of the reaction is _______________

___________________.

2. Instrumentation

(1) Device characteristics: solid + liquid → △ gas.

(2) Main instruments: iron stand (with iron ring), alcohol lamp, asbestos net, ____________ (A), ____________ (B), gas collecting bottle, beaker, etc. The device is shown in the figure.

3. Purification device: The function of device C is ____________________; the function of device D is __________.

4. Collection method

(1) _______________ method (Cl2 density is greater than air).

(2) Exclusion_____________ method (the solubility of Cl2 in saturated NaCl solution is very small).

5. Full verification method

(1) Place the __________________ test paper close to the mouth of the bottle containing Cl2. If you observe that the test paper turns blue immediately, it proves that it is full.

(2) Place the ____________________ test paper close to the mouth of the bottle containing Cl2. If you observe that the test paper immediately turns red and then fades, it proves that it is full.

6． Exhaust gas treatment

Cl2 is toxic and easily pollutes the air. NaOH solution is commonly used to absorb excess Cl2. The ionic equation of the reaction is ____________________________.

7． Precautions

(1) Concentrated hydrochloric acid must be used. MnO2 does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid. Regardless of whether the amount of MnO2 is sufficient, hydrochloric acid cannot react completely.

(2) In order to reduce the HCl content in the produced Cl2, the heating temperature should not be too high to reduce the volatilization of HCl.

(3) After the experiment, stop the reaction and discharge the remaining Cl2 in the device before disassembling the device to avoid air pollution.

(4) When absorbing exhaust gas, clarified lime water cannot be used to absorb Cl2, because the concentration of Ca(OH)2 in clarified lime water is small and the absorption is incomplete.

Troubleshooting

Design of laboratory gas preparation equipment

1. Selection of gas preparation, impurity removal, collection, exhaust gas treatment and other devices

(1) According to the state of the reactants and reaction conditions → gas generating device.

(2) Based on the properties of the gas and the impurities it contains → impurity removal device.

(3) Based on the density of the gas, the solubility of the gas in water, and whether it reacts with water → collection device.

(4) According to the properties of the gas → exhaust gas treatment device.

2. General connection sequence for gas production equipment

Generating device → impurity removal device (if necessary) → collection device → exhaust gas treatment device (if necessary).

use as you learn

1. Which of the following statements about the preparation of Cl2 from MnO2 in the laboratory is incorrect ()

A. MnO2 and concentrated hydrochloric acid are heated together

B． slow heating reaction

C. Collect Cl2 using downward air exhaust method

D． Excess Cl2 is often absorbed with concentrated alkali solution.

2. Which of the following experimental devices can achieve the experimental purpose or effect ( )

3. The instrument as shown in the figure can be used to prepare a small amount of anhydrous FeCl3 in the laboratory. The correct connection sequence of the instrument is ()

A. a—b—c—d—e—f—g—h

B． a—e—d—c—b—h—i—g

C. a—d—e—c—b—h—i—g

D． a—c—b—d—e—h—i—f

Chlorine and its compounds PPT, Part 3 content: Knowledge point 2 Testing of chloride ions

1. Experimental research: Add 2 to 3 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid, NaCl solution, and Na2CO3 solution to three test tubes, then add a few drops of AgNO3 solution to each, observe the phenomenon, then add a small amount of dilute nitric acid, observe the phenomenon, and fill in the following table:

2. Experimental conclusion: To test Cl-AgNO3 solution, generally drop an appropriate amount of dilute nitric acid into the solution to be tested to acidify it to eliminate the interference of CO2-3, and then drop in the AgNO3 solution. If a white precipitate is produced, it can be judged that the solution has Contains Cl-.

use as you learn

1. Chlorine is commonly used in water plants to sterilize and disinfect domestic water. In order to make huge profits, some unscrupulous traders in the market use such tap water to pass off as pure water (the concentration of ions is very low) and sell it, which has caused certain adverse effects on people's lives. Among the following chemical reagents, the one that can be used to identify this kind of tap water and purified water is ()

A. Phenolphthalein test solution B. barium chloride solution

C. Sodium hydroxide solution D. silver nitrate solution

2. The function of the reagent HNO3 used when testing Cl- is ()

A. Prevent interference from CO2-3, etc. B. Prevent Cl- interference

C. Ag2CO3 precipitation is generated D. Prevent NO-3 interference

Chlorine and its compounds PPT, Part 4 content: Qualification examination training

1. It is known that KMnO4 reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid at room temperature to produce Cl2. The figure shows a simple device that reacts KMnO4 with concentrated hydrochloric acid to produce Cl2. Which of the following statements is incorrect ()

A. Fill test tube ① with saturated saline, and use test tube ② to collect Cl2

B. Use test tube ① to collect Cl2. Test tube ② can prevent the NaOH solution from being sucked back into test tube ①

C.③ Used to absorb excess Cl2 to prevent environmental pollution

D. The Cl2 collected by this device will be mixed with HCl gas and water vapor

2. In the laboratory, use concentrated hydrochloric acid and MnO2 to co-heat to prepare Cl2 and conduct related experiments. Which of the following devices for collecting Cl2 is correct ()

3. When AgNO3 solution is added to the unknown liquid, a white precipitate will be formed. After adding dilute nitric acid, the precipitate will partially dissolve and a colorless and odorless gas will be generated. Pass the gas into the clear lime water and the lime water will become turbid. From this, it can be judged that the aqueous solution contains ()

A. Cl-, SO2-4 B. Cl-, NO-3

C. Cl-, CO2-3 D． Cl-, OH-

4. After passing the moist Cl2 through device A, it then passes through device B with a red cloth strip. If the red cloth strip does not fade, the reagent contained in device A may be ()

① Concentrated sulfuric acid ② NaOH solution ③ KI solution ④ Saturated salt water

A. ① B. ②③

C. ②③④　D. ①②③

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Update Time: 2024-09-29

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