"Integrated Improvement at the End of Chapter" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT

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"Integrated Improvement at the End of Chapter" Important elements in seawater - sodium and chlorine PPT

Part I: 1. Properties, transformation and applications of sodium and its compounds

1. Conversion relationship between sodium and its compounds

2. Important properties and applications of sodium and its compounds

[For training]

1. Which of the following statements is wrong ()

A. The ionic equation for the reaction between sodium and water: Na＋2H2O===Na＋＋2OH－＋H2↑

B． Na2O2 absorbs CO2 to produce O2, so it can be used as an oxygen supplier for respiratory masks

C. Sodium peroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to produce oxygen

D． When carbon dioxide makes Na2O2 solid whiten, CO2 is neither reduced nor oxidized.

2. The figure shows the mutual transformation relationship between the five substances A to E, where A is a light yellow solid and B is an elemental substance. Answer the following questions:

(1) Write the chemical formula of each substance: A________, B________, C________, D________, E________.

(2) Write the ionic equations for the reactions B→C and D→E.

B→C：____________________________________________;

D→E: ____________________________________________.

Integrate and improve PPT at the end of the chapter, part 2: 2. Properties, transformation and applications of chlorine and its compounds

1. Transformation relationship of chlorine and its compounds

2. Important properties and applications of chlorine and its compounds

[For training]

3. Which of the following statements about chlorine and its compounds is correct ()

A. The reason why bleaching powder deteriorates when left in the air for a long time is because the CaCl2 in the bleaching powder reacts with the CO2 in the air to form CaCO3

B． ClO2 has strong oxidizing properties and can be used to sterilize and disinfect tap water.

C. Pure Cl2 can be obtained by passing mixed gas of Cl2 and HCl through saturated brine.

D． Because bleaching powder is unstable in the air, it can be used to bleach paper

4. There are three gases: A, B, and C. A is the gas with the smallest density. B is usually yellow-green. Pure A can burn quietly in B to generate C. By passing gas B into an appropriate amount of lime milk, a white turbid substance D can be obtained. Please answer the following questions accordingly:

(1) Write the ionic equation for the following reaction.

①Pour gas B into the water: _______________________________;

②Pour gas B into the NaOH solution: _______________.

(2) When the three gases are introduced into the acidified silver nitrate solution, the gas with white precipitate is ________ (indicated by letters).

(3) Dissolve the white turbid substance D in water to obtain a clear solution. Add sodium carbonate solution dropwise to the solution and observe the precipitation. The chemical equation of the reaction is ______________________________________________________;

________________________________________________________________________.

Integrate and improve PPT at the end of the chapter, the third part: 3. Amount of matter, Avogadro’s constant and its applications

1. The relationship between various stoichiometry centered on the amount of substance

2. Common traps in the examination of Avogadro's constant

(1) Situation conditions: If non-standard conditions are given, such as the volume of gas at normal temperature and pressure, 22.4L·mol-1 cannot be used for calculation.

(2) Material state: It is known that non-gaseous substances (such as water, alcohol, sulfur trioxide, etc.) under standard conditions cannot be calculated using 22.4L·mol-1.

(3) Elemental composition: In addition to common diatomic compositions, there are also single-atom molecules (such as He, Ne, etc.) and polyatomic molecules (such as O3, etc.).

(4) Particle types: Particle types generally include molecules, atoms, ions, protons, neutrons, electrons, etc. Pay attention to the question requirements when answering.

[For training]

5. NA represents the value of Avogadro's constant. Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. At normal temperature and pressure, the number of molecules contained in 11.2LN2 is 0.5NA

B． At normal temperature and pressure, the number of atoms contained in 1molO2 is 2NA

C. At normal temperature and pressure, the number of atoms contained in 11.2LO2 is NA

D． At the same temperature and pressure, any gas element of the same volume contains the same number of atoms.

6． Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. Under standard conditions, the number of molecules contained in 22.4L of water is approximately 6.02×1023

B． The number of atoms contained in 1 molCl2 is NA

C. Under standard conditions, the number of molecules contained in aL mixture of oxygen and nitrogen is approximately a22.4×6.02×1023

D． At normal temperature and pressure, the number of molecules of 11.2LCO is 0.5NA

Integrate and improve PPT at the end of the chapter, part 4: 4. Basic ideas for gas preparation experiments

1. General connection sequence and selection of gas preparation equipment

2. Important gas generating device

[For training]

7． The laboratory device for preparing metal W by reducing WO3 with H2 is shown in the figure (Zn particles often contain impurities such as sulfur, and the pyrogallic acid solution is used to absorb a small amount of oxygen). Which of the following statements is correct ()

A. ①②③ are filled with KMnO4 solution, concentrated H2SO4, and pyrogallic acid solution in sequence.

B． Before heating the tube furnace, use a test tube to collect the gas at ④ and ignite it, and judge the purity of the gas by the sound.

C. When ending the reaction, first close piston K and then stop heating.

D． Device Q (Kip Generator) can also be used to react manganese dioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid to produce chlorine gas

8. Industrially, chlorine gas is introduced into iron filings at 500-600°C to produce anhydrous ferric chloride; hydrogen chloride is introduced into hot iron filings to produce anhydrous ferrous chloride. Now use the device as shown in the figure to simulate the above process for experiments. Answer the following questions:

(1) In the experiment of preparing anhydrous ferric chloride, the chemical equation of the reaction in device A is __________________________________________________________________, and the reagent added in device B is ________.

(2) In the experiment of preparing anhydrous ferrous chloride, device A is used to prepare ________. The composition of exhaust gas is ________. If device D is still used for exhaust gas treatment, the problems are ____________________ and ____________________.

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Update Time: 2024-10-06

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